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digitalmars.D.learn - gcc linkage problem with C & D

reply Charles D Hixson <charleshixsn earthlink.net> writes:
Here's what I have.  I hope it makes sense to other people:
test0c.c is -->
#include	<stdio.h>

int	test()
{  printf ("Hello, world\n");
    return  0;
}

//int main(int argc, char *argv[])
//{	return	test(argc, argv);	}

test0d.d is -->
extern(C):
	int	test();

void	main()
{	test;	}

Makefile.test0 is -->
all:  test0

test0:  test0d.o test0c.o
	$(CC)	test0d.o test0c.o -o test0

test0d.o:
	dmd  -c test0d.d $(LL)  -I~/src/phobos test0c.o

test0c.o: test0c.c
	$(CC)  -c test0c.c -o test0c.o

clean:
	rm -f *.o  test0

THEN:
$ make -fMakefile.test0
dmd  -c test0d.d   -I~/src/phobos test0c.o
cc  -c test0c.c -o test0c.o
cc      test0d.o test0c.o -o test1
test0d.o: In function `gcc2_compiled.':
test0d.d:(.text+0x8): undefined reference to `_Dmodule_ref'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [test0] Error 1

I don't know how to even get started addressing this problem. 
  bud dies with even less informative messages.
Jul 25 2007
parent reply Carlos Santander <csantander619 gmail.com> writes:
Charles D Hixson escribió:

 Here's what I have.  I hope it makes sense to other people:
 test0c.c is -->
 #include    <stdio.h>
 
 int    test()
 {  printf ("Hello, world\n");
    return  0;
 }
 
 //int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 //{    return    test(argc, argv);    }
 
 test0d.d is -->
 extern(C):
     int    test();
 
 void    main()
 {    test;    }
 
 Makefile.test0 is -->
 all:  test0
 
 test0:  test0d.o test0c.o
     $(CC)    test0d.o test0c.o -o test0
 
 test0d.o:
     dmd  -c test0d.d $(LL)  -I~/src/phobos test0c.o
 
 test0c.o: test0c.c
     $(CC)  -c test0c.c -o test0c.o
 
 clean:
     rm -f *.o  test0
 
 THEN:
 $ make -fMakefile.test0
 dmd  -c test0d.d   -I~/src/phobos test0c.o
 cc  -c test0c.c -o test0c.o
 cc      test0d.o test0c.o -o test1
 test0d.o: In function `gcc2_compiled.':
 test0d.d:(.text+0x8): undefined reference to `_Dmodule_ref'
 collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
 make: *** [test0] Error 1
 
 I don't know how to even get started addressing this problem.  bud dies 
 with even less informative messages.


You're missing -lphobos (-lgphobos if you were using GDC). The easiest way to
do 
it is like this:

dmd -c test0d.d
cc -c test0c.c -o test0c.o
dmd test0d.o test0c.o

That first step is only if you absolutely require separate commands for 
compiling and linking. Otherwise, you could remove it and pass test0d.d to DMD 
instead of test0d.o.

Also, if DMD is properly set up, you shouldn't need to pass -I~/src/phobos to
it.

-- 
Carlos Santander Bernal
Jul 25 2007
parent reply Charles D Hixson <charleshixsn earthlink.net> writes:
Carlos Santander wrote:

 Charles D Hixson escribió:

 Here's what I have.  I hope it makes sense to other people:
 test0c.c is -->
 #include    <stdio.h>

 int    test()
 {  printf ("Hello, world\n");
    return  0;
 }

 //int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 //{    return    test(argc, argv);    }

 test0d.d is -->
 extern(C):
     int    test();

 void    main()
 {    test;    }

 Makefile.test0 is -->
 all:  test0

 test0:  test0d.o test0c.o
     $(CC)    test0d.o test0c.o -o test0

 test0d.o:
     dmd  -c test0d.d $(LL)  -I~/src/phobos test0c.o

 test0c.o: test0c.c
     $(CC)  -c test0c.c -o test0c.o

 clean:
     rm -f *.o  test0

 THEN:
 $ make -fMakefile.test0
 dmd  -c test0d.d   -I~/src/phobos test0c.o
 cc  -c test0c.c -o test0c.o
 cc      test0d.o test0c.o -o test1
 test0d.o: In function `gcc2_compiled.':
 test0d.d:(.text+0x8): undefined reference to `_Dmodule_ref'
 collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
 make: *** [test0] Error 1

 I don't know how to even get started addressing this problem.  bud 
 dies with even less informative messages.


 
 You're missing -lphobos (-lgphobos if you were using GDC). The easiest 
 way to do it is like this:
 
 dmd -c test0d.d
 cc -c test0c.c -o test0c.o
 dmd test0d.o test0c.o
 
 That first step is only if you absolutely require separate commands for 
 compiling and linking. Otherwise, you could remove it and pass test0d.d 
 to DMD instead of test0d.o.


Well, if I can figure out how to do this I'm going to be 
passing calls to things written by GLADE, and only lightly 
edited.  This is just a test run to try to figure out how to 
make the linkage work.  So far it's a bust.  But this means 
that I'm going to need to pass into the linker the output of 
`pkg-config --libs gtk+-2.0`, which doesn't appear to pass 
correctly to dmd. (I can't even see any compiler options for 
accepting it...you'd think that -L might work, but if it will 
I haven't out how to cause it to.)



 Also, if DMD is properly set up, you shouldn't need to pass 
 -I~/src/phobos to it.


Fixed this one.  The  P variable in dmd.conf doesn't work 
correctly if you're using links to the binary routines.
Jul 25 2007
parent reply Frits van Bommel <fvbommel REMwOVExCAPSs.nl> writes:
Charles D Hixson wrote:

 a bust.  But this means that I'm going to need to pass into the linker 
 the output of `pkg-config --libs gtk+-2.0`, which doesn't appear to pass 
 correctly to dmd. (I can't even see any compiler options for accepting 
 it...you'd think that -L might work, but if it will I haven't out how to 
 cause it to.)


Two options:

1) Pass "-L$(DMD_DIR)/lib -lphobos -lpthread -lm" to gcc or ld when 
using either for linking (these are the libs D requires when compiled 
with dmd, IIRC).

2) Pass something like $(addprefix -L, $(shell pkg-config --libs 
gtk+-2.0)) to dmd when using it for linking. This will add '-L' in front 
of every library specification; the reason just adding -L didn't work 
was that your command adds multiple libraries.
Jul 26 2007
next sibling parent Charles D Hixson <charleshixsn earthlink.net> writes:
Frits van Bommel wrote:

 Charles D Hixson wrote:

 a bust.  But this means that I'm going to need to pass into the linker 
 the output of `pkg-config --libs gtk+-2.0`, which doesn't appear to 
 pass correctly to dmd. (I can't even see any compiler options for 
 accepting it...you'd think that -L might work, but if it will I 
 haven't out how to cause it to.)


 
 Two options:
 
 1) Pass "-L$(DMD_DIR)/lib -lphobos -lpthread -lm" to gcc or ld when 
 using either for linking (these are the libs D requires when compiled 
 with dmd, IIRC).
 
 2) Pass something like $(addprefix -L, $(shell pkg-config --libs 
 gtk+-2.0)) to dmd when using it for linking. This will add '-L' in front 
 of every library specification; the reason just adding -L didn't work 
 was that your command adds multiple libraries.


Thanks much.  That should enable me to build.
(I still can't figure out why gcc won't link...unless that's 
your first answer.  Haven't yet tried this, and won't tonight, 
as it's early in the morning.)
Jul 26 2007
prev sibling next sibling parent reply Charles D Hixson <charleshixsn earthlink.net> writes:
Frits van Bommel wrote:

 Charles D Hixson wrote:

 a bust.  But this means that I'm going to need to pass into the linker 
 the output of `pkg-config --libs gtk+-2.0`, which doesn't appear to 
 pass correctly to dmd. (I can't even see any compiler options for 
 accepting it...you'd think that -L might work, but if it will I 
 haven't out how to cause it to.)


 
 Two options:
 
 1) Pass "-L$(DMD_DIR)/lib -lphobos -lpthread -lm" to gcc or ld when 
 using either for linking (these are the libs D requires when compiled 
 with dmd, IIRC).
 
 2) Pass something like $(addprefix -L, $(shell pkg-config --libs 
 gtk+-2.0)) to dmd when using it for linking. This will add '-L' in front 
 of every library specification; the reason just adding -L didn't work 
 was that your command adds multiple libraries.


The short of it is:
md  -c test0d.d
gcc -g -I/usr/include/gdk  -c test0c.c -o test0c.o
gcc -g -I/usr/include/gdk       -WAll  -L/usr/local/dmd/lib 
-lphobos -lpthread -lm test0d.o test0c.o -o test0
/usr/local/dmd/lib/libphobos.a(dmain2.o): In function `main':
internal/dmain2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.tmain+0x74): undefined 
reference to `_Dmain'
internal/dmain2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.tmain+0xc5): undefined 
reference to `_Dmain'
/usr/local/dmd/lib/libphobos.a(deh2.o): In function 
`_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh213DHandlerTable':
internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh21
DHandlerTable+0x9): 
undefined reference to `_deh_beg'
internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh21
DHandlerTable+0xe): 
undefined reference to `_deh_beg'
internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh213
HandlerTable+0x14): 
undefined reference to `_deh_end'
internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh213
HandlerTable+0x37): 
undefined reference to `_deh_end'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [test0] Error 1


Which totally boggles me.  This is what I rewrote the Makefile to:
CC = gcc -g -I/usr/include/gdk
CD = dmd
DMD_DIR = /usr/local/dmd
DLNK = -L$(DMD_DIR)/lib -lphobos -lpthread -lm

all:  test0

test0:  test0d.o test0c.o
	$(CC)	-WAll  $(DLNK) test0d.o test0c.o -o test0

test0d.o:
	$(CD)  -c test0d.d

test0c.o: test0c.c
	$(CC)  -c test0c.c -o test0c.o

clean:
	rm -f *.o  test0


(minus some wrapping that happened in posting).  The other 
files are unchanged:  test0c.c is a "hello, world" function, 
and test0d.d is a main routine that just calls the function.

$ ls /usr/local/dmd
bin  html  lib  license.txt  man  readme  samples  src

and
$ ls /usr/local/dmd/lib
gcstub.obj  libphobos.a  phobos.lib  readme.txt  WS2_32.LIB
(basically I just copied the dmd folder to /usr/local after 
unzipping it)

$ cat /etc/dmd.conf

[Environment]

DFLAGS=-I/usr/local/dmd/src/phobos -L-L/usr/local/dmd/lib

(I know I'm sort of flailing around here, but I haven't a clue 
as to what the problem is.)
Jul 26 2007
parent reply Frits van Bommel <fvbommel REMwOVExCAPSs.nl> writes:
Charles D Hixson wrote:

 /usr/local/dmd/lib/libphobos.a(dmain2.o): In function `main':
 internal/dmain2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.tmain+0x74): undefined reference to 
 `_Dmain'
 internal/dmain2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.tmain+0xc5): undefined reference to 
 `_Dmain'
 /usr/local/dmd/lib/libphobos.a(deh2.o): In function 
 `_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh213DHandlerTable':
 internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh21
DHandlerTable+0x9): 
 undefined reference to `_deh_beg'
 internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh21
DHandlerTable+0xe): 
 undefined reference to `_deh_beg'
 internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh213
HandlerTable+0x14): 
 undefined reference to `_deh_end'
 internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh213
HandlerTable+0x37): 
 undefined reference to `_deh_end'
 collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
 make: *** [test0] Error 1
 


[snip makefile]

 
 (minus some wrapping that happened in posting).  The other files are 
 unchanged:  test0c.c is a "hello, world" function, and test0d.d is a 
 main routine that just calls the function.


I just had another look at your test0d.d file, and found your problem. 
Your file is this:
-----
extern(C):
     int    test();

void    main()
{    test;    }
-----
That little ':' at the end of the first line means it'll apply extern(C) 
to _everything that follows_, not just test(). So your main() is also 
extern(C), which changes the name in the object file and doesn't invoke 
DMDs special handling of the D main function (which emits _deh_* to help 
exception handling support locate exception handler data).

So to fix your program, just delete the ':'. It compiled and ran fine on 
my machine after that modification (besides some minor issues you 
probably won't have; using a 32-bit gcc on my 64-bit machine and 
correcting the dmd dir in the makefile for my machine).
Jul 27 2007
parent Charles D Hixson <charleshixsn earthlink.net> writes:
Frits van Bommel wrote:

 Charles D Hixson wrote:

 /usr/local/dmd/lib/libphobos.a(dmain2.o): In function `main':
 internal/dmain2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.tmain+0x74): undefined reference to 
 `_Dmain'
 internal/dmain2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.tmain+0xc5): undefined reference to 
 `_Dmain'
 /usr/local/dmd/lib/libphobos.a(deh2.o): In function 
 `_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh213DHandlerTable':
 internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh21
DHandlerTable+0x9): 
 undefined reference to `_deh_beg'
 internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh21
DHandlerTable+0xe): 
 undefined reference to `_deh_beg'
 internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh213
HandlerTable+0x14): 
 undefined reference to `_deh_end'
 internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh213
HandlerTable+0x37): 
 undefined reference to `_deh_end'
 collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
 make: *** [test0] Error 1


 [snip makefile]

 (minus some wrapping that happened in posting).  The other files are 
 unchanged:  test0c.c is a "hello, world" function, and test0d.d is a 
 main routine that just calls the function.


 
 I just had another look at your test0d.d file, and found your problem. 
 Your file is this:
 -----
 extern(C):
     int    test();
 
 void    main()
 {    test;    }
 -----
 That little ':' at the end of the first line means it'll apply extern(C) 
 to _everything that follows_, not just test(). So your main() is also 
 extern(C), which changes the name in the object file and doesn't invoke 
 DMDs special handling of the D main function (which emits _deh_* to help 
 exception handling support locate exception handler data).
 
 So to fix your program, just delete the ':'. It compiled and ran fine on 
 my machine after that modification (besides some minor issues you 
 probably won't have; using a 32-bit gcc on my 64-bit machine and 
 correcting the dmd dir in the makefile for my machine).


THANK YOU!!  (Well, I feel stupid, but at least Makefile3 is 
now working.  Presumably I can get the others to work also.)
Jul 27 2007
prev sibling parent Charles D Hixson <charleshixsn earthlink.net> writes:
Frits van Bommel wrote:

 Charles D Hixson wrote:

 a bust.  But this means that I'm going to need to pass into the linker 
 the output of `pkg-config --libs gtk+-2.0`, which doesn't appear to 
 pass correctly to dmd. (I can't even see any compiler options for 
 accepting it...you'd think that -L might work, but if it will I 
 haven't out how to cause it to.)


 
 Two options:
 
 1) Pass "-L$(DMD_DIR)/lib -lphobos -lpthread -lm" to gcc or ld when 
 using either for linking (these are the libs D requires when compiled 
 with dmd, IIRC).
 
 2) Pass something like $(addprefix -L, $(shell pkg-config --libs 
 gtk+-2.0)) to dmd when using it for linking. This will add '-L' in front 
 of every library specification; the reason just adding -L didn't work 
 was that your command adds multiple libraries.


OK, this time following the other path, here's the short:

$ make -fMakefile2.test0
gcc -g -I/usr/include/gdk  -c test0c.c -o test0c.o
dmd  test0d.d test0c.o -L-lgtk-x11-2.0 -L-lgdk-x11-2.0 
-L-latk-1.0 -L-lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -L-lm -L-lpangocairo-1.0 
-L-lfontconfig -L-lXext -L-lXrender -L-lXinerama -L-lXi 
-L-lXrandr -L-lXcursor -L-lXfixes -L-lpango-1.0 -L-lcairo 
-L-lX11 -L-lgobject-2.0 -L-lgmodule-2.0 -L-ldl -L-lglib-2.0
gcc test0d.o test0c.o -o test0d -m32 -lgtk-x11-2.0 
-lgdk-x11-2.0 -latk-1.0 -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lm -lpangocairo-1.0 
-lfontconfig -lXext -lXrender -lXinerama -lXi -lXrandr 
-lXcursor -lXfixes -lpango-1.0 -lcairo -lX11 -lgobject-2.0 
-lgmodule-2.0 -ldl -lglib-2.0 -Xlinker -L/usr/local/dmd/lib 
-lphobos -lpthread -lm
/usr/lib/gcc/i486-linux-gnu/4.1.3/../../../../lib/libphobos.a(deh2.o): 
In function `_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh213DHandlerTable':
internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh21
DHandlerTable+0x9): 
undefined reference to `_deh_beg'
internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh21
DHandlerTable+0xe): 
undefined reference to `_deh_beg'
internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh213
HandlerTable+0x14): 
undefined reference to `_deh_end'
internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh213
HandlerTable+0x37): 
undefined reference to `_deh_end'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
--- errorlevel 1
make: *** [test0] Error 1

and here's the makefile:
CC = gcc -g -I/usr/include/gdk
CD = dmd
DMD_DIR = /usr/local/dmd
DLNK = -L$(DMD_DIR)/lib -lphobos -lpthread -lm

all:  test0

test0: test0c.o
	$(CD)  test0d.d test0c.o $(addprefix -L, $(shell pkg-config 
--libs gtk+-2.0))

test0c.o: test0c.c
	$(CC)  -c test0c.c -o test0c.o

clean:
	rm -f *.o  test0
	
as before, the post wrapped the makefile, but that's pretty 
clear.  The system config is unchanged.  And I'm confused.

Well, this test case shouldn't need those extra libraries in 
gtk, so I tried eliminating them in Makefile3.test0:
CC = gcc -g -I/usr/include/gdk
CD = dmd
DMD_DIR = /usr/local/dmd
DLNK = -L$(DMD_DIR)/lib -lphobos -lpthread -lm

all:  test0

test0: test0c.o
	$(CD)  test0d.d test0c.o

test0c.o: test0c.c
	$(CC)  -c test0c.c -o test0c.o

clean:
	rm -f *.o  test0

but running it yielded no improvement:
$ make -fMakefile3.test0
gcc -g -I/usr/include/gdk  -c test0c.c -o test0c.o
dmd  test0d.d test0c.o
gcc test0d.o test0c.o -o test0d -m32 -Xlinker 
-L/usr/local/dmd/lib -lphobos -lpthread -lm
/usr/lib/gcc/i486-linux-gnu/4.1.3/../../../../lib/libphobos.a(deh2.o): 
In function `_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh213DHandlerTable':
internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh21
DHandlerTable+0x9): 
undefined reference to `_deh_beg'
internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh21
DHandlerTable+0xe): 
undefined reference to `_deh_beg'
internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh213
HandlerTable+0x14): 
undefined reference to `_deh_end'
internal/deh2.d:(.gnu.linkonce.t_D4deh213__eh_finddataFPvZPS4deh213
HandlerTable+0x37): 
undefined reference to `_deh_end'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
--- errorlevel 1
make: *** [test0] Error 1
Jul 26 2007