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digitalmars.D.learn - dmd vs rdmd

reply Joshua Niehus <jm.niehus gmail.com> writes:
Hello,

I am trying to compile code which is composed of two modules (in the same
directory):

main.d
foo.d

foo.d just declares a class Foo which has a string variable "bar" which i
set to "hello" and main.d just prints bar's value to the console:

// --------- main.d -----------
import std.stdio, foo;

void main() {
    Foo f = new Foo;
    writeln(f.bar);
}

When i attempt to compile main.d via:
$dmd main.d
I get undefined symbol errors.

But when I run:
$rdmd main.d
it works as expected.

The only way I could get main.d to compile with just dmd was to compile foo
as a lib first and then compile main.d and passing the foo.a file as an
argument:
$dmd -lib foo.d
$dmd main.d foo.a

Is this normal?
I got the impression from TDPL (Alexandrescu) that the dmd compiler would
automatically search the root directory, find foo.d, work its magic, and
create all the symbols that were defined in foo.d for main.d to compile...

Thanks,
Josh
Jun 10 2011
parent Joshua Niehus <jm.niehus gmail.com> writes:
Thanks Jonathan, that cleared things up for me.

Josh

On Sat, Jun 11, 2011 at 12:00 PM, <digitalmars-d-learn-request puremagic.com

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 Today's Topics:

   1. dmd vs rdmd (Joshua Niehus)
   2. Re: dmd vs rdmd (Jonathan M Davis)
   3. Re: dmd vs rdmd (Andrej Mitrovic)
   4. char[] to string (Jonathan Sternberg)
   5. Re: char[] to string (Jonathan M Davis)
   6. Re: DMD Backend: Deciding instructions to use/avoid?
      (Nick Sabalausky)
   7. Re: char[] to string (bearophile)


 ----------------------------------------------------------------------

 Message: 1
 Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2011 14:28:41 -0700
 From: Joshua Niehus <jm.niehus gmail.com>
 To: digitalmars-d-learn puremagic.com
 Subject: dmd vs rdmd
 Message-ID: <BANLkTi=TYnN+UuxCr8wj8UwFRjS=iVzM3Q mail.gmail.com>
 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"

 Hello,

 I am trying to compile code which is composed of two modules (in the same
 directory):

 main.d
 foo.d

 foo.d just declares a class Foo which has a string variable "bar" which i
 set to "hello" and main.d just prints bar's value to the console:

 // --------- main.d -----------
 import std.stdio, foo;

 void main() {
    Foo f = new Foo;
    writeln(f.bar);
 }

 When i attempt to compile main.d via:
 $dmd main.d
 I get undefined symbol errors.

 But when I run:
 $rdmd main.d
 it works as expected.

 The only way I could get main.d to compile with just dmd was to compile foo
 as a lib first and then compile main.d and passing the foo.a file as an
 argument:
 $dmd -lib foo.d
 $dmd main.d foo.a

 Is this normal?
 I got the impression from TDPL (Alexandrescu) that the dmd compiler would
 automatically search the root directory, find foo.d, work its magic, and
 create all the symbols that were defined in foo.d for main.d to compile...

 Thanks,
 Josh
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 ------------------------------

 Message: 2
 Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2011 21:50:37 +0000
 From: "Jonathan M Davis" <jmdavisProg gmx.com>
 To: "digitalmars.D.learn" <digitalmars-d-learn puremagic.com>
 Subject: Re: dmd vs rdmd
 Message-ID: <20110610215037.56570 gmx.com>
 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"

 On 2011-06-10 14:28, Joshua Niehus wrote:

 Hello,

 I am trying to compile code which is composed of two modules (in the same
 directory):

 main.d
 foo.d

 foo.d just declares a class Foo which has a string variable "bar" which i
 set to "hello" and main.d just prints bar's value to the console:

 // --------- main.d -----------
 import std.stdio, foo;

 void main() {
 Foo f = new Foo;
 writeln(f.bar);
 }

 When i attempt to compile main.d via:
 $dmd main.d
 I get undefined symbol errors.

 But when I run:
 $rdmd main.d
 it works as expected.

 The only way I could get main.d to compile with just dmd was to compile


 foo

 as a lib first and then compile main.d and passing the foo.a file as an
 argument:
 $dmd -lib foo.d
 $dmd main.d foo.a

 Is this normal?
 I got the impression from TDPL (Alexandrescu) that the dmd compiler would
 automatically search the root directory, find foo.d, work its magic, and
 create all the symbols that were defined in foo.d for main.d to


 compile...

 With dmd, you must list every file that you're compiling. The only
 exceptions
 are that when dealing with libraries, dmd to have the root directory where
 the
 source is passed to -I, and it needs to have the root directory where the
 library is given with -L and -l with the library name (or just the library
 directly if you don't want it to search for the library). It's like gcc and
 dmc in that respect. It does nothing extra to track down files to compile
 for
 you. It'll find the source for importing thanks to -I, but it won't compile
 it. You must still compile it. You don't normally need -I or -L however,
 because dmd.conf (or sc.ini on Windows) already adds the appropriate flags
 for
 Phobos for you. You only need too specify them yourself when using other
 libraries.

 rdmd does extra magic to automatically track down all of the files that
 main.d
 imports and compile them. dmd doesn't do that.

 - Jonathan M Davis


 ------------------------------

 Message: 3
 Date: Sat, 11 Jun 2011 01:08:50 +0200
 From: Andrej Mitrovic <andrej.mitrovich gmail.com>
 To: "digitalmars.D.learn" <digitalmars-d-learn puremagic.com>
 Subject: Re: dmd vs rdmd
 Message-ID: <BANLkTimH88skMm0DEa7h1JLuGhZaJ9XJqw mail.gmail.com>
 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1

 Perhaps -L is just a linux feature, on Windows it only passes options
 to Optlink, and passing directories won't add them to search paths for
 library files.

 E.g. if I have:
 main.d
 foo/test.d
 foo/test.lib <- compiled as a library

 and try to invoke:
 dmd main.d -I.\foo\ test.lib -L.\foo\

 Optlink won't find the lib file:
  Warning 2: File Not Found foo.lib

 I always have to specify the full path to the lib file, e.g.:
 dmd main.d -I.\test2\ .\test2\foo.lib


 ------------------------------

 Message: 4
 Date: Sat, 11 Jun 2011 02:56:19 +0000 (UTC)
 From: Jonathan Sternberg <jonathansternberg gmail.com>
 To: digitalmars-d-learn puremagic.com
 Subject: char[] to string
 Message-ID: <isulgj$1efp$1 digitalmars.com>
 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"

 Why doesn't this work?

 import std.stdio;

 string copy_string(char [] input)
 {
    return input.dup;
 }

 int main()
 {
    char [] buf = ['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'];
    writeln( copy_string(buf) );
 }

 I want to do something more complex. In my code, I want to have a dynamic
 array that I can append stuff into and then return it as a string. In C++,
 a
 non-const variable can be implicitly converted into a const. I know string
 is
 an alias for const char. Is there a reason why it won't implicitly convert
 it?

 I hesitate to use cast for this type of thing as it probably indicates I'm
 doing something fundamentally wrong as I'm just starting to learn the
 language.


 ------------------------------

 Message: 5
 Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2011 21:32:44 -0700
 From: Jonathan M Davis <jmdavisProg gmx.com>
 To: "digitalmars.D.learn" <digitalmars-d-learn puremagic.com>
 Subject: Re: char[] to string
 Message-ID: <201106102132.44286.jmdavisProg gmx.com>
 Content-Type: Text/Plain;  charset="us-ascii"

 On 2011-06-10 19:56, Jonathan Sternberg wrote:

 Why doesn't this work?

 import std.stdio;

 string copy_string(char [] input)
 {
     return input.dup;
 }

 int main()
 {
     char [] buf = ['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'];
     writeln( copy_string(buf) );
 }

 I want to do something more complex. In my code, I want to have a dynamic
 array that I can append stuff into and then return it as a string. In


 C++,

 a non-const variable can be implicitly converted into a const. I know
 string is an alias for const char. Is there a reason why it won't
 implicitly convert it?

 I hesitate to use cast for this type of thing as it probably indicates


 I'm

 doing something fundamentally wrong as I'm just starting to learn the
 language.


 string is an alias for immutable(char)[]. The elements of a string can
 never
 be altered. dup returns a mutable copy of a string (not const, not
 immutable).
 idup returns an immutable copy. So, in this case you want idup, not dup.
 Even
 better though, would be to use std.conv.to - e.g. to!string(input). This
 will
 convert input to a string, but it has the advantage that if input is
 already a
 string, then it'll just return the string rather than making another copy
 like
 idup would.

 - Jonathan M Davis


 ------------------------------

 Message: 6
 Date: Sat, 11 Jun 2011 03:11:07 -0400
 From: "Nick Sabalausky" <a a.a>
 To: digitalmars-d-learn puremagic.com
 Subject: Re: DMD Backend: Deciding instructions to use/avoid?
 Message-ID: <isv4mh$2a0v$1 digitalmars.com>

 "Andrew Wiley" <wiley.andrew.j gmail.com> wrote in message
 news:mailman.762.1307693296.14074.digitalmars-d-learn puremagic.com...

 On Thu, Jun 9, 2011 at 5:58 PM, Nick Sabalausky <a a.a> wrote:


 "Bernard Helyer" <b.helyer gmail.com> wrote in message
 news:isdgdc$m3a$1 digitalmars.com...

 If you run the program in GDB, can you disassemble when the error is
 given? That may give you the instruction the kernel is assasinating
 your
 process for.


 I can try that if anyone can help walk me through it or at least point




 me

 to
 a good beginner's tutorial for gdb. I never use commandline debuggers,
 and
 I've never even touched gdb, so I don't have the slightest clue how to
 use
 it.


 The short version is to run `gdb yourapp` which will get you into the




 GDB

 shell. Then `run` to actually start the app. It will halt and return to
 the
 shell when it hits the bad instruction, and you should type `disass` to
 view
 the assembly code of the current function. There will be a pointer (->, I
 think) pointing to the current instruction in the listing.
 You can find GDB basics at http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~gilpin/tutorial/
 although
 that tutorial doesn't include `disass`. I mostly learned it by firing it
 up
 and typing `help`  :D


 Thanks. This is what I get:

 $ gdb ./dvm-0.2.0-linux-32
 GNU gdb (GDB) 7.1-ubuntu
 Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later
 <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
 This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
 There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
 and "show warranty" for details.
 This GDB was configured as "i486-linux-gnu".
 For bug reporting instructions, please see:
 <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>...
 Reading symbols from /home/nick/dev/d/tool/dvm-0.2.0-linux-32...(no
 debugging symbols found)...done.
 (gdb) run
 Starting program: /home/nick/dev/d/tool/dvm-0.2.0-linux-32
 [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]

 Program received signal SIGILL, Illegal instruction.
 0x080bccdb in

 _D5tango4core4sync6Atomic31__T13memoryBarrierVb1Vb0Vi0Vb0Z13memoryBarrierFZv
 ()
 (gdb) disass
 Dump of assembler code for function

 _D5tango4core4sync6Atomic31__T13memoryBarrierVb1Vb0Vi0Vb0Z13memoryBarrierFZv:
   0x080bccd8 <+0>:     push   %ebp
   0x080bccd9 <+1>:     mov    %esp,%ebp
 => 0x080bccdb <+3>:     lfence
   0x080bccde <+6>:     pop    %ebp
   0x080bccdf <+7>:     ret
 End of assembler dump.
 (gdb)

 So apperently it's a memory fence instruction. I don't have a clue what my
 CPU supports in that area. Oh, and apperently it's inside Tango, so maybe
 I'll bring this up over there. But I have no idea if that's something that
 Tango has in common with druntime or not.






 ------------------------------

 Message: 7
 Date: Sat, 11 Jun 2011 08:12:51 -0400
 From: bearophile <bearophileHUGS lycos.com>
 To: digitalmars-d-learn puremagic.com
 Subject: Re: char[] to string
 Message-ID: <isvm43$bjo$1 digitalmars.com>
 Content-Type: text/plain

 Jonathan M Davis:


 Even better though, would be to use std.conv.to - e.g. to!string(input).


 This will

 convert input to a string, but it has the advantage that if input is


 already a

 string, then it'll just return the string rather than making another copy


 like

 idup would.


 I didn't know this. Isn't it very good to give this bit of intelligence to
 idup too?

 Bye,
 bearophile


 ------------------------------

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 Jun 13 2011