digitalmars.D.learn - Linker cannot find malloc and free on OS X

=?UTF-8?B?Tm9yZGzDtnc=?= (10/10) Jun 04 2017 My gmp-d tests successfully on Linux as

Stefan Koch (2/12) Jun 04 2017 try giving it -lc
Jacob Carlborg (7/17) Jun 04 2017 I would recommend adding the --verbose flag to see the exact commands

bvoq (88/108) Jun 04 2017 The flag -L-lc seems to have been passed to the library.

Jacob Carlborg (7/9) Jun 05 2017 You need to continue to invoke the sub commands, that is, DMD, Clang and...

bvoq (577/585) Jun 05 2017 So I ran: dmd -unittest -main -v -L-lgmp -L-lc -g gmp/*

Jacob Carlborg (58/84) Jun 05 2017 I've managed to isolate and identified the problem. The problem is these...

=?UTF-8?B?Tm9yZGzDtnc=?= <per.nordlow gmail.com> writes:

My gmp-d tests successfully on Linux as

dub test

but on OS X it fails as

Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
   "free", referenced from:
   ...
   "malloc", referenced from:
   ...

Any ideas on why?

https://github.com/nordlow/gmp-d/issues/4#issuecomment-305974761

Jun 04 2017

Stefan Koch <uplink.coder googlemail.com> writes:

On Sunday, 4 June 2017 at 10:45:23 UTC, Nordlöw wrote:
 My gmp-d tests successfully on Linux as

 dub test

 but on OS X it fails as

 Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
   "free", referenced from:
   ...
   "malloc", referenced from:
   ...

 Any ideas on why?

 https://github.com/nordlow/gmp-d/issues/4#issuecomment-305974761

try giving it -lc

Jun 04 2017

Jacob Carlborg <doob me.com> writes:

On 2017-06-04 12:45, Nordlöw wrote:
 My gmp-d tests successfully on Linux as

 dub test

 but on OS X it fails as

 Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
   "free", referenced from:
   ...
   "malloc", referenced from:
   ...

 Any ideas on why?

 https://github.com/nordlow/gmp-d/issues/4#issuecomment-305974761

I would recommend adding the --verbose flag to see the exact commands 
invoked. That will print how the D compiler was invoked. The copy-paste 
the exact command and add the -v flag (for verbose). To the same with 
the C compiler and the linker.

-- 
/Jacob Carlborg

Jun 04 2017

bvoq <dekeyser.kevin97 gmail.com> writes:

On Sunday, 4 June 2017 at 16:13:22 UTC, Jacob Carlborg wrote:
 On 2017-06-04 12:45, Nordlöw wrote:
 My gmp-d tests successfully on Linux as

 dub test

 but on OS X it fails as

 Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
   "free", referenced from:
   ...
   "malloc", referenced from:
   ...

 Any ideas on why?

 https://github.com/nordlow/gmp-d/issues/4#issuecomment-305974761

 I would recommend adding the --verbose flag to see the exact 
 commands invoked. That will print how the D compiler was 
 invoked. The copy-paste the exact command and add the -v flag 
 (for verbose). To the same with the C compiler and the linker.

The flag -L-lc seems to have been passed to the library.
This is the full error message after running it with dub test 
--verbose


Using dub registry url 'http://code.dlang.org/'
Refreshing local packages (refresh existing: true)...
Looking for local package map at 
/var/lib/dub/packages/local-packages.json
Looking for local package map at 
/Users/kdkdk/.dub/packages/local-packages.json
Determined package version using GIT: gmp-d 
0.0.3+commit.16.gedb1291
Refreshing local packages (refresh existing: false)...
Looking for local package map at 
/var/lib/dub/packages/local-packages.json
Looking for local package map at 
/Users/kdkdk/.dub/packages/local-packages.json
   Found dependency libgmp 1.0.0
Refreshing local packages (refresh existing: false)...
Looking for local package map at 
/var/lib/dub/packages/local-packages.json
Looking for local package map at 
/Users/kdkdk/.dub/packages/local-packages.json
   Found dependency libgmp 1.0.0
Checking for upgrades.
Using cached upgrade results...
Generating test runner configuration 'gmp-d-test-library' for 
'library' (library).
Get module name from path: 
/Users/kdkdk/Documents/psi/gmp-d/src/gmp/dbgio.d
Get module name from path: 
/Users/kdkdk/Documents/psi/gmp-d/src/gmp/f.d
Excluding package.d file from test due to 
https://issues.dlang.org/show_bug.cgi?id=11847
Get module name from path: 
/Users/kdkdk/Documents/psi/gmp-d/src/gmp/q.d
Get module name from path: 
/Users/kdkdk/Documents/psi/gmp-d/src/gmp/traits.d
Get module name from path: 
/Users/kdkdk/Documents/psi/gmp-d/src/gmp/z.d
Refreshing local packages (refresh existing: false)...
Looking for local package map at 
/var/lib/dub/packages/local-packages.json
Looking for local package map at 
/Users/kdkdk/.dub/packages/local-packages.json
   Found dependency libgmp 1.0.0
Generate target gmp-d (executable 
/Users/kdkdk/Documents/psi/gmp-d gmp-d-test-library)
Generate target libgmp (staticLibrary 
/Users/kdkdk/.dub/packages/libgmp-1.0.0/libgmp libgmp)
Performing "unittest" build using dmd for x86_64.
libgmp 1.0.0: target for configuration "library" is up to date.
Using existing build in 
/Users/kdkdk/.dub/packages/libgmp-1.0.0/libgmp/.dub/build/library-unittest-posix.osx-x86_64-dmd_2074-0CBFB25E65B46672F7CAF7CC5BABCE87/.
Copying target from 
/Users/kdkdk/.dub/packages/libgmp-1.0.0/libgmp/.dub/build/library-unittest-posix.osx-x86_64-dmd_2074-0CBFB25E65B46672F7CAF7CC
BABCE87/liblibgmp.a to /Users/kdkdk/.dub/packages/libgmp-1.0.0/libgmp
Target 
'/Users/kdkdk/Documents/psi/gmp-d/.dub/build/gmp-d-test-library-unittest-posix.osx-x86_64-dmd_2074-6A4F59B4FBEFFE587575F03F4A8B5BD0
gmp-d-test-library' doesn't exist, need rebuild.
gmp-d 0.0.3+commit.16.gedb1291: building configuration 
"gmp-d-test-library"...
Using direct -l... flags for gmp, c.
dmd -c 
-of.dub/build/gmp-d-test-library-unittest-posix.osx-x86_64-dmd_2074-6A4F59B4FBEFFE587575F03F4A8B5BD0/
mp-d-test-library.o -debug -g -unittest -w -version=VibeCustomMain
-version=Have_gmp_d -version=Have_libgmp -Isrc/
-I../../../.dub/packages/libgmp-1.0.0/libgmp/source/
../../../../../var/folders/7s/rl2b7bj92t7c2dlnnmgzmc200000gn/T/dub_test_root-94ea7d66-86c6-4a27
9ede-42b0d74e6604.d src/gmp/dbgio.d src/gmp/f.d src/gmp/package.d src/gmp/q.d
src/gmp/traits.d src/gmp/z.d -vcolumns
Linking...
dmd 
-of.dub/build/gmp-d-test-library-unittest-posix.osx-x86_64-dmd_2074-6A4F59B4FBEFFE587575F03F4A8B5BD
/gmp-d-test-library .dub/build/gmp-d-test-library-unittest-posix.osx-x86_64-dmd_2074-6A4F59B4FBEFFE587575F03F4A8B5BD0/
mp-d-test-library.o ../../../.dub/packages/libgmp-1.0.0/libgmp/.dub/build/library-unittest-posix.osx-x86_64-dmd_2074-0CBFB25E65B46672F7CAF7CC
BABCE87/liblibgmp.a -L-lgmp -L-lc -g
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
   "free", referenced from:
       _D3gmp1z3MpZ6__ctorMFNaNbNcNiNexAyakZS3gmp1z3MpZ in 
gmp-d-test-library.o
       _D3gmp1z3MpZ10fromStringMFNaNbNcNiNjNexAyakZS3gmp1z3MpZ in 
gmp-d-test-library.o
      (maybe you meant: 
_D2rt4util9container5treap33__T5TreapTS2gc11gcinterface4RootZ5Treap8freeNodeFNbNiPS2rt4util9container5treap33__T5TreapTS2gc11gcinterface
RootZ5Treap4NodeZv, _D2gc4impl12conservative2gc3Gcx8log_freeMFNbPvZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc15LargeObjectPool9freePagesMFNbmmZv ,
_D4core6memory2GC4freeFNaNbPvZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC163__T9runLockedS63_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC10freeNoSyncMFNbPvZvS37_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc8freeTimelS37_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc8numFreeslTPv
9runLockedMFNbKPvZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC10freeNoSyncMFNbPvZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc8freeTimel , _D2rt5minfo11ModuleGroup4freeMFZv ,
_gc_free , _D2gc4impl6manual2gc8ManualGC4freeMFNbPvZv ,
_D2rt7dwarfeh15ExceptionHeader4freeFPS2rt7dwarfeh15ExceptionHeaderZv ,
_D2rt4util9container5treap34__T5TreapTS2gc11gcinterface5RangeZ5Treap8freeNodeFNbNiPS2rt4util9container5treap34__T5TreapTS2gc11gcinterface
RangeZ5Treap4NodeZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc4Pool12freePageBitsMFNbmKxG4mZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC4freeMFNbPvZv )
   "malloc", referenced from:
       _D3gmp1z3MpZ19_allocStringzCopyOfMFNaNbNiNexAyaZPa in 
gmp-d-test-library.o
      (maybe you meant: 
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc3Gcx10log_mallocMFNbPvmZv, 
_D2gc4impl6manual2gc8ManualGC6mallocMFNbmkxC8TypeInfoZPv , 
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC207__T9runLockedS83_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC13reallocNoSyncMFNbPvmKkKmxC8TypeInfoZPvS40_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10mallocTimelS40_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10numMallocslTPvTmTkTmTxC8TypeInfoZ9runLockedMFNbKPvK
KkKmKxC8TypeInfoZPv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC200__T9runLockedS79_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC12mallocNoSyncMFNbmkKmxC8TypeInfoZPvS40_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10mallocTimelS40_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10numMallocslTmTkTmTxC8TypeInfoZ9runLockedMFNbK
KkKmKxC8TypeInfoZPv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC6mallocMFNbmkxC8TypeInfoZPv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10mallocTimel ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC12mallocNoSyncMFNbmkKmxC8TypeInfoZPv
, _D4core6memory2GC6mallocFNaNbmkxC8TypeInfoZPv , _gc_malloc ,
_D2rt4util9container6common7xmallocFNbNimZPv )
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to 
see invocation)
Error: linker exited with status 1
FAIL 
.dub/build/gmp-d-test-library-unittest-posix.osx-x86_64-dmd_2074-6A4F59B4FBEFF
587575F03F4A8B5BD0/ gmp-d-test-library executable
dmd failed with exit code 1.

Jun 04 2017

Jacob Carlborg <doob me.com> writes:

On 2017-06-05 01:14, bvoq wrote:

 The flag -L-lc seems to have been passed to the library.
 This is the full error message after running it with dub test --verbose

You need to continue to invoke the sub commands, that is, DMD, Clang and 
the linker with the verbose flag (-v) added. There's no point in looking 
for "-lc" since the C standard library on macOS is placed in 
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib.

-- 
/Jacob Carlborg

Jun 05 2017

bvoq <dekeyser.kevin97 gmail.com> writes:

On Monday, 5 June 2017 at 10:34:12 UTC, Jacob Carlborg wrote:
 On 2017-06-05 01:14, bvoq wrote:

 The flag -L-lc seems to have been passed to the library.
 This is the full error message after running it with dub test 
 --verbose

 You need to continue to invoke the sub commands, that is, DMD, 
 Clang and the linker with the verbose flag (-v) added. There's 
 no point in looking for "-lc" since the C standard library on 
 macOS is placed in /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib.

So I ran: dmd -unittest -main -v -L-lgmp -L-lc -g gmp/*
The error seems to stem from: cc dbgio.o -o dbgio -g -m64 
-Xlinker -no_compact_unwind -lgmp -lc 
-L/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/lib -lgmp -lgmp -lgmp -lgmp -lc 
-lphobos2 -lpthread -lm

Full invocation of command with verbose flag: cc dbgio.o -o dbgio 
-g -m64 -Xlinker -no_compact_unwind -lgmp -lc 
-L/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/lib -lgmp -lgmp -lgmp -lgmp -lc 
-lphobos2 -lpthread -lm -v
gmp -lc -L/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/lib -lgmp -lgmp -lgmp 
-lgmp -lc -lphobos2 -lpthread -lm -v
Apple LLVM version 8.1.0 (clang-802.0.42)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin16.7.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: 
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
  
"/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xct
olchain/usr/bin/ld" -demangle -lto_library
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/
sr/lib/libLTO.dylib -dynamic -arch x86_64 -macosx_version_min 10.12.0 -o dbgio
-L/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/lib dbgio.o -no_compact_unwind -lgmp -lc -lgmp
-lgmp -lgmp -lgmp -lc -lphobos2 -lpthread -lm -lSystem
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/8.1.0/lib/darwin/libclang_rt.osx.a
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
   "free", referenced from:
       _D3gmp1z3MpZ6__ctorMFNaNbNcNiNexAyakZS3gmp1z3MpZ in dbgio.o
       _D3gmp1z3MpZ10fromStringMFNaNbNcNiNjNexAyakZS3gmp1z3MpZ in 
dbgio.o
      (maybe you meant: 
_D2rt4util9container5treap33__T5TreapTS2gc11gcinterface4RootZ5Treap8freeNodeFNbNiPS2rt4util9container5treap33__T5TreapTS2gc11gcinterface
RootZ5Treap4NodeZv, _D2gc4impl12conservative2gc3Gcx8log_freeMFNbPvZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc4Pool12freePageBitsMFNbmKxG4mZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc8freeTimel , _D2rt5minfo11ModuleGroup4freeMFZv ,
_D2gc4impl6manual2gc8ManualGC4freeMFNbPvZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC10freeNoSyncMFNbPvZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC163__T9runLockedS63_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC10freeNoSyncMFNbPvZvS37_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc8freeTimelS37_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc8numFreeslTPv
9runLockedMFNbKPvZv ,
_D2rt4util9container5treap34__T5TreapTS2gc11gcinterface5RangeZ5Treap8freeNodeFNbNiPS2rt4util9container5treap34__T5TreapTS2gc11gcinterface
RangeZ5Treap4NodeZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc15LargeObjectPool9freePagesMFNbmmZv ,
_D2rt7dwarfeh15ExceptionHeader4freeFPS2rt7dwarfeh15ExceptionHeaderZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC4freeMFNbPvZv ,
_D4core6memory2GC4freeFNaNbPvZv , _gc_free )
   "malloc", referenced from:
       _D3gmp1z3MpZ19_allocStringzCopyOfMFNaNbNiNexAyaZPa in 
dbgio.o
      (maybe you meant: 
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc3Gcx10log_mallocMFNbPvmZv, 
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10mallocTimel , 
_D2gc4impl6manual2gc8ManualGC6mallocMFNbmkxC8TypeInfoZPv , 
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC207__T9runLockedS83_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC13reallocNoSyncMFNbPvmKkKmxC8TypeInfoZPvS40_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10mallocTimelS40_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10numMallocslTPvTmTkTmTxC8TypeInfoZ9runLockedMFNbKPvK
KkKmKxC8TypeInfoZPv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC6mallocMFNbmkxC8TypeInfoZPv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC12mallocNoSyncMFNbmkKmxC8TypeInfoZPv
, _D4core6memory2GC6mallocFNaNbmkxC8TypeInfoZPv , _gc_malloc ,
_D2rt4util9container6common7xmallocFNbNimZPv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC200__T9runLockedS79_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC12mallocNoSyncMFNbmkKmxC8TypeInfoZPvS40_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10mallocTimelS40_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10numMallocslTmTkTmTxC8TypeInfoZ9runLockedMFNbK
KkKmKxC8TypeInfoZPv )
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to 
see invocation)


--------------------------------------

 From there the command which yielded the error is:

"/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xct
olchain/usr/bin/ld" -demangle -lto_library
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/
sr/lib/libLTO.dylib -dynamic -arch x86_64 -macosx_version_min 10.12.0 -o dbgio
-L/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/lib dbgio.o -no_compact_unwind -lgmp -lc -lgmp
-lgmp -lgmp -lgmp -lc -lphobos2 -lpthread -lm -lSystem
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/8.1.0/lib/darw
n/libclang_rt.osx.a -v



The output of this command:


configured to support archs: armv6 armv7 armv7s arm64 i386 x86_64 
x86_64h armv6m armv7k armv7m armv7em (tvOS)
Library search paths:
	/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/lib
	/usr/lib
	/usr/local/lib
Framework search paths:
	/Library/Frameworks/
	/System/Library/Frameworks/
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
   "free", referenced from:
       _D3gmp1z3MpZ6__ctorMFNaNbNcNiNexAyakZS3gmp1z3MpZ in dbgio.o
       _D3gmp1z3MpZ10fromStringMFNaNbNcNiNjNexAyakZS3gmp1z3MpZ in 
dbgio.o
      (maybe you meant: 
_D2rt4util9container5treap33__T5TreapTS2gc11gcinterface4RootZ5Treap8freeNodeFNbNiPS2rt4util9container5treap33__T5TreapTS2gc11gcinterface
RootZ5Treap4NodeZv, _D2gc4impl12conservative2gc3Gcx8log_freeMFNbPvZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc4Pool12freePageBitsMFNbmKxG4mZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc8freeTimel , _D2rt5minfo11ModuleGroup4freeMFZv ,
_D2gc4impl6manual2gc8ManualGC4freeMFNbPvZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC10freeNoSyncMFNbPvZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC163__T9runLockedS63_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC10freeNoSyncMFNbPvZvS37_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc8freeTimelS37_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc8numFreeslTPv
9runLockedMFNbKPvZv ,
_D2rt4util9container5treap34__T5TreapTS2gc11gcinterface5RangeZ5Treap8freeNodeFNbNiPS2rt4util9container5treap34__T5TreapTS2gc11gcinterface
RangeZ5Treap4NodeZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc15LargeObjectPool9freePagesMFNbmmZv ,
_D2rt7dwarfeh15ExceptionHeader4freeFPS2rt7dwarfeh15ExceptionHeaderZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC4freeMFNbPvZv ,
_D4core6memory2GC4freeFNaNbPvZv , _gc_free )
   "malloc", referenced from:
       _D3gmp1z3MpZ19_allocStringzCopyOfMFNaNbNiNexAyaZPa in 
dbgio.o
      (maybe you meant: 
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc3Gcx10log_mallocMFNbPvmZv, 
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10mallocTimel , 
_D2gc4impl6manual2gc8ManualGC6mallocMFNbmkxC8TypeInfoZPv , 
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC207__T9runLockedS83_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC13reallocNoSyncMFNbPvmKkKmxC8TypeInfoZPvS40_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10mallocTimelS40_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10numMallocslTPvTmTkTmTxC8TypeInfoZ9runLockedMFNbKPvK
KkKmKxC8TypeInfoZPv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC6mallocMFNbmkxC8TypeInfoZPv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC12mallocNoSyncMFNbmkKmxC8TypeInfoZPv
, _D4core6memory2GC6mallocFNaNbmkxC8TypeInfoZPv , _gc_malloc ,
_D2rt4util9container6common7xmallocFNbNimZPv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC200__T9runLockedS79_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC12mallocNoSyncMFNbmkKmxC8TypeInfoZPvS40_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10mallocTimelS40_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10numMallocslTmTkTmTxC8TypeInfoZ9runLockedMFNbK
KkKmKxC8TypeInfoZPv )
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64




-------------------------------------

Full output of: dmd -unittest -main -v -L-lgmp -L-lc -g gmp/*

predefs   DigitalMars Posix OSX darwin LittleEndian D_Version2 
all D_SIMD D_InlineAsm_X86_64 X86_64 D_LP64 D_PIC unittest assert 
D_HardFloat
binary    dmd
version   v2.074.0
config    /usr/local/etc/dmd.conf
parse     dbgio
parse     f
parse     package
parse     q
parse     traits
parse     z
parse     __main
importall dbgio
import    
object	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/object.d)
import    
core.attribute	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/attribute.d)
importall f
import    
std.algorithm.mutation	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/std/algorithm/mutation.d)
import    
std.traits	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/std/traits.d)
import    
std.typetuple	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/std/typetuple.d)
import    
std.meta	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/std/meta.d)
import    
std.range.primitives	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/std/range/primitives.d)
import    
std.typecons	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/std/typecons.d)
import    
core.stdc.stdint	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/stdc/stdint.d)
import    
core.stdc.stddef	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/stdc/stddef.d)
import    
core.stdc.signal	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/stdc/signal.d)
import    
core.stdc.wchar_	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/stdc/wchar_.d)
import    
core.stdc.config	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/stdc/config.d)
import    
core.stdc.stdarg	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/stdc/stdarg.d)
import    
core.stdc.stdlib	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/stdc/stdlib.d)
import    
core.stdc.stdio	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/stdc/stdio.d)
import    
core.stdc.time	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/stdc/time.d)
import    
core.sys.posix.sys.types	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/sys/posix/sys/types.d)
import    
core.sys.posix.config	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/sys/posix/config.d)
importall gmp
importall q
importall traits
importall z
importall __main
semantic  dbgio
semantic  f
library   gmp
library   c
library   gmp
semantic  gmp
library   gmp
library   gmp
semantic  q
semantic  traits
semantic  z
semantic  __main
entry     main      	(null)
semantic2 dbgio
semantic2 f
semantic2 gmp
semantic2 q
semantic2 traits
semantic2 z
semantic2 __main
semantic3 dbgio
semantic3 f
semantic3 gmp
semantic3 q
import    
std.exception	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/std/exception.d)
import    
core.stdc.string	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/stdc/string.d)
semantic3 traits
semantic3 z
import    
std.ascii	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/std/ascii.d)
import    
std.range	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/std/range/package.d)
import    
std.range.interfaces	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/std/range/interfaces.d)
import    
std.array	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/std/array.d)
import    
core.memory	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/memory.d)
import    
std.functional	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/std/functional.d)
import    
std.algorithm.iteration	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/std/algorithm/iteration.d)
import    
core.internal.hash	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/internal/hash.d)
import    
core.internal.convert	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/internal/convert.d)
import    
core.internal.traits	(/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/include/dlang/dmd/core/internal/traits.d)
semantic3 __main
code      dbgio
function  object.dup!ubyte.dup
function  object._trustedDup!(const(ubyte), ubyte)._trustedDup
function  object._dup!(const(ubyte), ubyte)._dup
function  object._doPostblit!ubyte._doPostblit
function  object._getPostblit!ubyte._getPostblit
code      f
code      gmp
code      q
function  gmp.q.MpQ.toString
function  gmp.q.MpQ.toHash
function  gmp.q.MpQ.this
function  gmp.q.MpQ.canonicalize
function  gmp.q.MpQ.~this
function  gmp.q.MpQ.numerator
function  gmp.q.MpQ.denominator
function  gmp.q.MpQ.integerPart
function  gmp.q.MpQ.invert
function  gmp.q.MpQ.sgn
function  gmp.q.MpQ.absolute
function  gmp.q.MpQ.initialize
function  gmp.q.MpQ._ptr
function  gmp.q.MpQ._num_ptr
function  gmp.q.MpQ._den_ptr
function  gmp.q.MpQ.mutatingCallCount
function  gmp.q.MpQ.__aggrPostblit
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opAssign
function  gmp.q.MpQ.__xopEquals
function  gmp.q.MpQ.__xopCmp
function  gmp.q.__unittestL430_4
function  gmp.q.__unittestL462_5
function  gmp.q.__unittestL473_6
function  gmp.q.__unittestL484_7
function  gmp.q.__unittestL494_8
function  gmp.q.__unittestL516_9
function  gmp.q.__unittestL527_10
function  gmp.q.__unittestL535_11
function  gmp.q.__unittestL560_12
function  gmp.q.__unittestL569_13
function  gmp.q.__unittestL580_14
function  gmp.q.__unittestL588_15
function  gmp.q.__unittestL611_16
function  gmp.q.__unittestL619_17
function  gmp.q.__unittestL627_18
function  gmp.q.__unittestL635_19
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opEquals!().opEquals
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opEquals!().opEquals
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opCmp!().opCmp
function  gmp.q.MpQ.__ctor!(int, ulong).this
function  gmp.q.MpQ.__ctor!(ulong, ulong).this
function  gmp.q.MpQ.__ctor!double.this
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opAssign!double.opAssign
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opAssign!float.opAssign
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opAssign!int.opAssign
function  gmp.q.MpQ.__ctor!(int, int).this
function  gmp.q.swap!().swap
function  gmp.q.inverse!().inverse
function  gmp.q.inverse!().inverse
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opEquals!int.opEquals
function  gmp.q.abs!().abs
function  gmp.q.abs!().abs
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opCast!double.opCast
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opCmp!().opCmp
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opCmp!int.opCmp
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opCmp!ulong.opCmp
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opCmp!().opCmp
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opBinary!"+".opBinary
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opBinary!"-".opBinary
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opBinary!"*".opBinary
function  gmp.q.MpQ.opBinary!"/".opBinary
code      traits
function  gmp.traits.__unittestL28_20
function  gmp.traits.__unittestL28_20.f!().f
function  gmp.traits.__unittestL28_20.g!().g
code      z
function  gmp.z.MpZ.toString
function  gmp.z.MpZ.toHash
function  gmp.z.MpZ.this
function  gmp.z.MpZ.this
function  gmp.z.MpZ.swap
function  gmp.z.MpZ.dup
function  gmp.z.MpZ.fromString
function  gmp.z.MpZ.~this
function  gmp.z.MpZ.toLong
function  gmp.z.MpZ.toInt
function  gmp.z.MpZ.unaryMinus
function  gmp.z.MpZ.negate
function  gmp.z.MpZ.absolute
function  gmp.z.MpZ.onesComplement
function  gmp.z.MpZ.sizeInBase
function  gmp.z.MpZ.populationCount
function  gmp.z.MpZ.setBit
function  gmp.z.MpZ.clearBit
function  gmp.z.MpZ.complementBit
function  gmp.z.MpZ.testBit
function  gmp.z.MpZ.isZero
function  gmp.z.MpZ.isOdd
function  gmp.z.MpZ.isEven
function  gmp.z.MpZ.isNegative
function  gmp.z.MpZ.isPositive
function  gmp.z.MpZ.sgn
function  gmp.z.MpZ.uintLength
function  gmp.z.MpZ.uintLong
function  gmp.z.MpZ.initialize
function  gmp.z.MpZ.eval
function  gmp.z.MpZ._limbs
function  gmp.z.MpZ._limbCount
function  gmp.z.MpZ._allocStringzCopyOf
function  gmp.z.MpZ._ptr
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__aggrPostblit
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__xopEquals
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__xopCmp
function  gmp.z.__unittestL1399_21
function  gmp.z.__unittestL1407_22
function  gmp.z.__unittestL1429_23
function  gmp.z.__unittestL1464_24
function  gmp.z.__unittestL2036_25
function  gmp.z.__unittestL2043_26
function  gmp.z.__unittestL2266_27
function  gmp.z.__unittestL2289_28
function  gmp.z.__unittestL2362_29
function  gmp.z.__unittestL2394_30
function  gmp.z.__unittestL2419_31
function  gmp.z.__unittestL2445_32
function  gmp.z.__unittestL2474_33
function  gmp.z.__unittestL2503_34
function  gmp.z.__unittestL2527_35
function  gmp.z.__unittestL2547_36
function  gmp.z.__unittestL2564_37
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opAssign!().opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opEquals!().opEquals
function  gmp.z.MpzAddExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzAddExpr.eval
function  gmp.z.MpzAddExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzAddExpr.~this
function  gmp.z.MpzAddExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzAddExpr.opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpzAddExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzAddExpr.__xopEquals
function  gmp.z.MpzAddExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzAddExpr.__xtoHash
function  gmp.z.MpzSubExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzSubExpr.eval
function  gmp.z.MpzSubExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzSubExpr.~this
function  gmp.z.MpzSubExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzSubExpr.opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpzSubExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzSubExpr.__xopEquals
function  gmp.z.MpzSubExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzSubExpr.__xtoHash
function  gmp.z.MpzMulExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzMulExpr.eval
function  gmp.z.MpzMulExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzMulExpr.~this
function  gmp.z.MpzMulExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzMulExpr.opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpzMulExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzMulExpr.__xopEquals
function  gmp.z.MpzMulExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzMulExpr.__xtoHash
function  gmp.z.MpzDivExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzDivExpr.eval
function  gmp.z.MpzDivExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzDivExpr.~this
function  gmp.z.MpzDivExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzDivExpr.opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpzDivExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzDivExpr.__xopEquals
function  gmp.z.MpzDivExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzDivExpr.__xtoHash
function  gmp.z.MpzModExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzModExpr.eval
function  gmp.z.MpzModExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzModExpr.~this
function  gmp.z.MpzModExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzModExpr.opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpzModExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzModExpr.__xopEquals
function  gmp.z.MpzModExpr!(MpZ, MpZ).MpzModExpr.__xtoHash
function  gmp.z.MpzPowUExpr!(MpZ, ulong).MpzPowUExpr.eval
function  gmp.z.MpzPowUExpr!(MpZ, ulong).MpzPowUExpr.~this
function  gmp.z.MpzPowUExpr!(MpZ, ulong).MpzPowUExpr.opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpzPowUExpr!(MpZ, ulong).MpzPowUExpr.__xopEquals
function  gmp.z.MpzPowUExpr!(MpZ, ulong).MpzPowUExpr.__xtoHash
function  gmp.z.MpzPowMUExpr!(MpZ, ulong, MpZ).MpzPowMUExpr.eval
function  gmp.z.MpzPowMUExpr!(MpZ, ulong, MpZ).MpzPowMUExpr.~this
function  gmp.z.MpzPowMUExpr!(MpZ, ulong, 
MpZ).MpzPowMUExpr.opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpzPowMUExpr!(MpZ, ulong, 
MpZ).MpzPowMUExpr.__xopEquals
function  gmp.z.MpzPowMUExpr!(MpZ, ulong, 
MpZ).MpzPowMUExpr.__xtoHash
function  gmp.z.MpzNegExpr!(MpZ).MpzNegExpr.eval
function  gmp.z.MpzNegExpr!(MpZ).MpzNegExpr.~this
function  gmp.z.MpzNegExpr!(MpZ).MpzNegExpr.opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpzNegExpr!(MpZ).MpzNegExpr.__xopEquals
function  gmp.z.MpzNegExpr!(MpZ).MpzNegExpr.__xtoHash
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!"/".opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opEquals!int.opEquals
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCmp!int.opCmp
function  std.algorithm.mutation.swap!(MpZ).swap
function  std.exception.doesPointTo!(MpZ, MpZ, void).doesPointTo
function  
std.exception.isUnionAliasedImpl!(MpZ).isUnionAliasedImpl
function  std.exception.doesPointTo!(__mpz_struct, MpZ, 
void).doesPointTo
function  
std.exception.isUnionAliasedImpl!(__mpz_struct).isUnionAliasedImpl
function  std.exception.doesPointTo!(int, MpZ, void).doesPointTo
function  std.exception.doesPointTo!(const(ulong)*, MpZ, 
void).doesPointTo
function  std.algorithm.mutation.swap!(MpQ).swap
function  std.exception.doesPointTo!(MpQ, MpQ, void).doesPointTo
function  
std.exception.isUnionAliasedImpl!(MpQ).isUnionAliasedImpl
function  std.exception.doesPointTo!(__mpq_struct, MpQ, 
void).doesPointTo
function  
std.exception.isUnionAliasedImpl!(__mpq_struct).isUnionAliasedImpl
function  std.exception.doesPointTo!(__mpz_struct, MpQ, 
void).doesPointTo
function  std.exception.doesPointTo!(int, MpQ, void).doesPointTo
function  std.exception.doesPointTo!(const(ulong)*, MpQ, 
void).doesPointTo
function  std.exception.doesPointTo!(ulong, MpQ, void).doesPointTo
function  std.algorithm.mutation.move!(MpQ).move
function  
std.algorithm.mutation.trustedMoveImpl!(MpQ).trustedMoveImpl
function  std.algorithm.mutation.moveImpl!(MpQ).moveImpl
function  std.algorithm.mutation.moveEmplace!(MpQ).moveEmplace
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__ctor!int.this
function  std.ascii.toUpper!char.toUpper
function  core.internal.hash.hashOf!(const(ulong)).hashOf
function  core.internal.convert.toUbyte!(const(ulong)).toUbyte
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCmp!long.opCmp
function  gmp.z._integralAbs!(const(int))._integralAbs
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opEquals!().opEquals
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCmp!().opCmp
function  gmp.z.mpz!int.mpz
function  gmp.z.mpz!string.mpz
function  gmp.z.toDecimalString!().toDecimalString
function  gmp.z.toHex!().toHex
function  gmp.z.absUnsign!ulong.absUnsign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCast!ulong.opCast
function  gmp.z._integralAbs!ulong._integralAbs
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!"+".opBinary
function  std.algorithm.mutation.move!(MpZ).move
function  
std.algorithm.mutation.trustedMoveImpl!(MpZ).trustedMoveImpl
function  std.algorithm.mutation.moveImpl!(MpZ).moveImpl
function  std.algorithm.mutation.moveEmplace!(MpZ).moveEmplace
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!"-".opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!"*".opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!"/".opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!"%".opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__ctor!uint.this
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__ctor!ulong.this
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__ctor!double.this
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!("+", ulong).opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!"-".opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!("-", ulong).opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!("*", ulong).opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!("/", ulong).opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!("%", ulong).opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!("^^", ulong).opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opAssign!int.opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!("+", int).opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!("-", int).opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!("*", int).opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!("/", int).opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!("%", int).opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!("^^", int).opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opAssign!double.opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opAssign!ulong.opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!"/".opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opUnary!"-".opUnary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!"*".opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!"%".opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opEquals!uint.opEquals
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opEquals!long.opEquals
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opEquals!ulong.opEquals
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opEquals!float.opEquals
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opEquals!double.opEquals
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCast!bool.opCast
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCast!long.opCast
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCast!double.opCast
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCmp!().opCmp
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCmp!uint.opCmp
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCmp!ulong.opCmp
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCmp!double.opCmp
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opUnary!"+".opUnary
function  gmp.z.abs!().abs
function  gmp.z.abs!().abs
function  gmp.z.cmpabs!().cmpabs
function  gmp.z.cmpabs!().cmpabs
function  gmp.z.cmpabs!().cmpabs
function  gmp.z.nextPrime!().nextPrime
function  gmp.z.nextPrime!().nextPrime
function  gmp.z.gcd!().gcd
function  gmp.z.gcd!().gcd
function  gmp.z.gcd!().gcd
function  gmp.z.gcd!().gcd
function  gmp.z.gcd!().gcd
function  gmp.z.lcm!().lcm
function  gmp.z.lcm!().lcm
function  gmp.z.lcm!().lcm
function  gmp.z.lcm!().lcm
function  gmp.z.lcm!().lcm
function  gmp.z.onesComplement!().onesComplement
function  gmp.z.onesComplement!().onesComplement
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!"+".opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!"-".opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("+", int).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinaryRight!("+", int).opBinaryRight
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("+", ulong).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinaryRight!("+", ulong).opBinaryRight
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("-", int).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinaryRight!("-", int).opBinaryRight
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinaryRight!("-", ulong).opBinaryRight
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("*", ulong).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("*", int).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinaryRight!("*", int).opBinaryRight
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinaryRight!("*", ulong).opBinaryRight
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!"*".opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("/", int).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("/", ulong).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinaryRight!("/", int).opBinaryRight
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCast!int.opCast
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinaryRight!("/", ulong).opBinaryRight
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("%", int).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinaryRight!("%", int).opBinaryRight
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinaryRight!("%", ulong).opBinaryRight
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!"%".opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("-", ulong).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinaryRight!("-", long).opBinaryRight
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("^^", int).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("^^", long).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("^^", ulong).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.pow!(ulong, ulong).pow
function  gmp.z.MpZ.pow!(ulong, int).pow
function  gmp.z.MpZ.pow!(int, int).pow
function  gmp.z.powm!().powm
function  gmp.z.powm!().powm
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__ctor!(immutable(int)).this
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!"&".opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opEquals!(immutable(int)).opEquals
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!"|".opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!"^".opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!"&".opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!"|".opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!"^".opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.swap!().swap
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__ctor!long.this
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__ctor!short.this
function  gmp.z.MpZ.fitsIn!short.fitsIn
function  gmp.z.MpZ.fitsIn!int.fitsIn
function  gmp.z.MpZ.fitsIn!long.fitsIn
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__ctor!ushort.this
function  gmp.z.MpZ.fitsIn!ushort.fitsIn
function  gmp.z.MpZ.fitsIn!uint.fitsIn
function  gmp.z.MpZ.fitsIn!ulong.fitsIn
function  gmp.z.MpZ.mersennePrime!int.mersennePrime
function  gmp.z.MpZ.mersennePrime!ulong.mersennePrime
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!("^^", long).opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opOpAssign!"+".opOpAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("%", immutable(ulong)).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("%", immutable(uint)).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("%", immutable(ushort)).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("%", immutable(ubyte)).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("%", immutable(long)).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("%", immutable(int)).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("%", immutable(short)).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opBinary!("%", immutable(byte)).opBinary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opUnary!"++".opUnary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opUnary!"--".opUnary
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCast!ubyte.opCast
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCast!ushort.opCast
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCast!uint.opCast
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCast!byte.opCast
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCast!short.opCast
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opCmp!(const(int)).opCmp
function  gmp.z.MpZ.mersennePrime!(immutable(ulong)).mersennePrime
function  gmp.z.MpZ.pow!(ulong, immutable(ulong)).pow
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__ctor!(immutable(ulong)).this
function  gmp.z.powm!().powm
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__ctor!(MpzAddExpr!(MpZ, MpZ)).this
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opAssign!(MpzAddExpr!(MpZ, MpZ)).opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opAssign!(MpzAddExpr!(MpZ, MpZ)).opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__ctor!(MpzSubExpr!(MpZ, MpZ)).this
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opAssign!(MpzSubExpr!(MpZ, MpZ)).opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__ctor!(MpzMulExpr!(MpZ, MpZ)).this
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opAssign!(MpzMulExpr!(MpZ, MpZ)).opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__ctor!(MpzDivExpr!(MpZ, MpZ)).this
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opAssign!(MpzDivExpr!(MpZ, MpZ)).opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__ctor!(MpzModExpr!(MpZ, MpZ)).this
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opAssign!(MpzModExpr!(MpZ, MpZ)).opAssign
function  gmp.z.MpZ.__ctor!(MpzNegExpr!(MpZ)).this
function  gmp.z.MpZ.opAssign!(MpzNegExpr!(MpZ)).opAssign
code      __main
function  D main
cc dbgio.o -o dbgio -g -m64 -Xlinker -no_compact_unwind -lgmp -lc 
-L/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/lib -lgmp -lgmp -lgmp -lgmp -lc 
-lphobos2 -lpthread -lm
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
   "free", referenced from:
       _D3gmp1z3MpZ6__ctorMFNaNbNcNiNexAyakZS3gmp1z3MpZ in dbgio.o
       _D3gmp1z3MpZ10fromStringMFNaNbNcNiNjNexAyakZS3gmp1z3MpZ in 
dbgio.o
      (maybe you meant: 
_D2rt4util9container5treap33__T5TreapTS2gc11gcinterface4RootZ5Treap8freeNodeFNbNiPS2rt4util9container5treap33__T5TreapTS2gc11gcinterface
RootZ5Treap4NodeZv, _D2gc4impl12conservative2gc3Gcx8log_freeMFNbPvZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc4Pool12freePageBitsMFNbmKxG4mZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc8freeTimel , _D2rt5minfo11ModuleGroup4freeMFZv ,
_D2gc4impl6manual2gc8ManualGC4freeMFNbPvZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC10freeNoSyncMFNbPvZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC163__T9runLockedS63_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC10freeNoSyncMFNbPvZvS37_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc8freeTimelS37_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc8numFreeslTPv
9runLockedMFNbKPvZv ,
_D2rt4util9container5treap34__T5TreapTS2gc11gcinterface5RangeZ5Treap8freeNodeFNbNiPS2rt4util9container5treap34__T5TreapTS2gc11gcinterface
RangeZ5Treap4NodeZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc15LargeObjectPool9freePagesMFNbmmZv ,
_D2rt7dwarfeh15ExceptionHeader4freeFPS2rt7dwarfeh15ExceptionHeaderZv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC4freeMFNbPvZv ,
_D4core6memory2GC4freeFNaNbPvZv , _gc_free )
   "malloc", referenced from:
       _D3gmp1z3MpZ19_allocStringzCopyOfMFNaNbNiNexAyaZPa in 
dbgio.o
      (maybe you meant: 
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc3Gcx10log_mallocMFNbPvmZv, 
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10mallocTimel , 
_D2gc4impl6manual2gc8ManualGC6mallocMFNbmkxC8TypeInfoZPv , 
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC207__T9runLockedS83_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC13reallocNoSyncMFNbPvmKkKmxC8TypeInfoZPvS40_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10mallocTimelS40_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10numMallocslTPvTmTkTmTxC8TypeInfoZ9runLockedMFNbKPvK
KkKmKxC8TypeInfoZPv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC6mallocMFNbmkxC8TypeInfoZPv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC12mallocNoSyncMFNbmkKmxC8TypeInfoZPv
, _D4core6memory2GC6mallocFNaNbmkxC8TypeInfoZPv , _gc_malloc ,
_D2rt4util9container6common7xmallocFNbNimZPv ,
_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC200__T9runLockedS79_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc14ConservativeGC12mallocNoSyncMFNbmkKmxC8TypeInfoZPvS40_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10mallocTimelS40_D2gc4impl12conservative2gc10numMallocslTmTkTmTxC8TypeInfoZ9runLockedMFNbK
KkKmKxC8TypeInfoZPv )
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to 
see invocation)
Error: linker exited with status 1

Jun 05 2017

Jacob Carlborg <doob me.com> writes:

On 2017-06-05 13:48, bvoq wrote:

 So I ran: dmd -unittest -main -v -L-lgmp -L-lc -g gmp/*
 The error seems to stem from: cc dbgio.o -o dbgio -g -m64 -Xlinker
 -no_compact_unwind -lgmp -lc -L/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/lib -lgmp
 -lgmp -lgmp -lgmp -lc -lphobos2 -lpthread -lm

 Full invocation of command with verbose flag: cc dbgio.o -o dbgio -g
 -m64 -Xlinker -no_compact_unwind -lgmp -lc
 -L/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/lib -lgmp -lgmp -lgmp -lgmp -lc
 -lphobos2 -lpthread -lm -v
 gmp -lc -L/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/lib -lgmp -lgmp -lgmp -lgmp -lc
 -lphobos2 -lpthread -lm -v
 Apple LLVM version 8.1.0 (clang-802.0.42)
 Target: x86_64-apple-darwin16.7.0
 Thread model: posix
 InstalledDir:
 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin


 "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ld"
 -demangle -lto_library
 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/libLTO.dylib
 -dynamic -arch x86_64 -macosx_version_min 10.12.0 -o dbgio
 -L/usr/local/Cellar/dmd/2.074.0/lib dbgio.o -no_compact_unwind -lgmp -lc
 -lgmp -lgmp -lgmp -lgmp -lc -lphobos2 -lpthread -lm -lSystem
 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/8.1.0/lib/darwin/libclang_rt.osx.a

 Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
   "free", referenced from:
       _D3gmp1z3MpZ6__ctorMFNaNbNcNiNexAyakZS3gmp1z3MpZ in dbgio.o
       _D3gmp1z3MpZ10fromStringMFNaNbNcNiNjNexAyakZS3gmp1z3MpZ in dbgio.o

I've managed to isolate and identified the problem. The problem is these 
two lines [1]:

pragma(mangle, "malloc") void* qualifiedMalloc(size_t size);
pragma(mangle, "free") void qualifiedFree(void* ptr);

On macOS all C symbols are mangled with an underscore prefix, meaning 
the "free" and "malloc" symbols are actually named _free and _malloc in 
the binary.

This is easy to verify by:

$ cat main.c
void foo();

int main()
{
     foo();
     return 0;
}

$ clang main.c
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
   "_foo", referenced from:
       _main in main-8a6861.o

Here we can see that the linker is looking for the "_foo" symbol, while 
in your output it's looking for "free", without the underscore prefix.

When pragma(mangle) is used on an extern(C) symbol the compiler will 
automatically handle the prefixing of the symbol on macOS, making it 
line up with any C symbols.

Functions with D linkage have their own mangling, prefixed with _D, the 
fully qualified name mangled and the signature. It seems like that when 
using pragma(mangle) on function with D linkage the compiler will output 
the symbol exactly like it's specified in the source code, in 
pragma(mangle). This can be verified by:

$ cat main.d
void foo();

void main()
{
     foo();
}

$ dmd -c main.d
$ nm main.o | grep foo
U _D4main3fooFZv

And when using pragma(mangle):

$ cat main.d
pragma(mangle, "foo") void foo();

void main()
{
     foo();
}

$ dmd -c main.d
$ nm main.o | grep foo
U foo

No underscore prefix.

This happens to work on Linux because on Linux this mangling (with the 
underscore prefix) is not used for C symbols. But since the functions 
are not declared as extern(C) we're actually calling C functions using 
the D calling conventions, which just happens to work in this case 
because the C and D calling conventions are mostly the same.

[1] https://github.com/nordlow/gmp-d/blob/master/src/gmp/z.d#L1164-L1165

-- 
/Jacob Carlborg

Jun 05 2017

D Programming

C/C++ Programming

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digitalmars.D.learn - Linker cannot find malloc and free on OS X