digitalmars.D.learn - Function that calculates in compile time when it can
- Minas Mina (14/14) Aug 06 2012 I want to write a fibonacci(n) function that calculates the
- Tobias Pankrath (5/20) Aug 06 2012 What exactly do you try to accomplish? Why can't you use CTFE
- Minas Mina (19/19) Aug 06 2012 Something like this:
- Philippe Sigaud (49/67) Aug 06 2012 Well, you're using the worst possible algorithm to calculate Fibonacci
- Minas Mina (3/90) Aug 06 2012 Thank you for your reply!
- Minas Mina (40/127) Aug 06 2012 Thank you for your reply!
- Philippe Sigaud (16/20) Aug 06 2012 I wonder if there is any rounding error going on with these pow, but
- Namespace (2/2) Aug 06 2012 Take a look into std.math:
- Minas Mina (18/20) Aug 06 2012 I found this:
- Eyyub (6/26) Aug 06 2012 Justly, you see a normal runtime function, and a CTFE function is
- Eyyub (2/6) Aug 06 2012 *compile time, sorry
- Philippe Sigaud (21/26) Aug 06 2012 Oh, I thought they were implemented as polynomial approximations.
- Russel Winder (17/20) Aug 06 2012 Memoization is a bit of a help it destroying that problem.
- Philippe Sigaud (7/12) Aug 06 2012 Memoization at compile-time is a bit tricky, though.
- Andrej Mitrovic (4/6) Aug 06 2012 I think TDPL had some use of the memoize template and used fibonacci
- Eyyub (6/8) Aug 06 2012 No, you can't.
- Minas Mina (12/21) Aug 06 2012 It's Ubuntu 12.04 running on an Intel i5.
- Tobias Pankrath (5/15) Aug 06 2012 That algorithm makes O(2^n) calls to fib. I think templates get
- Artur Skawina (16/33) Aug 06 2012 He wants the function to be evaluated at compile time if that is possibl...
- Marco Leise (5/21) Aug 07 2012 That's easy: http://dpaste.dzfl.pl/521f47a0
- Artur Skawina (25/46) Aug 08 2012 It's not a function, but a template - meaning not only does it require
I want to write a fibonacci(n) function that calculates the
result.
a) if n is known at compile time, use a template
b) if not, use a normal function
I know how to write a template version:
template fib(ulong n)
{
static if( n < 2 )
const fib = n;
else
const fib = fib!(n-1) + fib!(n-2);
}
But how can I 'know' if n is known at compile time to make it use
the other version? (which I won't post 'cause it is fairly easy).
Aug 06 2012
On Monday, 6 August 2012 at 12:21:38 UTC, Minas Mina wrote:
I want to write a fibonacci(n) function that calculates the
result.
a) if n is known at compile time, use a template
b) if not, use a normal function
I know how to write a template version:
template fib(ulong n)
{
static if( n < 2 )
const fib = n;
else
const fib = fib!(n-1) + fib!(n-2);
}
But how can I 'know' if n is known at compile time to make it
use the other version? (which I won't post 'cause it is fairly
easy).
What exactly do you try to accomplish? Why can't you use CTFE
instead of a template?
You can check for compile time with
static if(__ctfe)
Aug 06 2012
Something like this:
template fib(ulong n)
{
static if( n < 2 )
const fib = n;
else
const fib = fib!(n-1) + fib!(n-2);
if( n < 2)
return n;
return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2);
}
It doesn't work of course, as I am in a template and trying to
"return" something.
CTFE? Is that "compile time function evaluation"? If yes, it's
really slow...
If I try:
static x = fib(40); // fib is a normal function
it takes forever and makes my pc run really slowly.
Aug 06 2012
On Mon, Aug 6, 2012 at 3:54 PM, Minas Mina <minas_mina1990 hotmail.co.uk> wrote:Something like this: template fib(ulong n) { static if( n < 2 ) const fib = n; else const fib = fib!(n-1) + fib!(n-2); if( n < 2) return n; return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2); } It doesn't work of course, as I am in a template and trying to "return" something. CTFE? Is that "compile time function evaluation"? If yes, it's really slow...If I try: static x = fib(40); // fib is a normal function it takes forever and makes my pc run really slowly.Well, you're using the worst possible algorithm to calculate Fibonacci (exponential time), so it's no wonder it's taking foverer :) Then, you've to know that CT calculation is far slower than runtime calculation. My experience on this is about an order of magnitude slower, and even more. On the machine I'm currently on, fib(30) is calculated instantaneously at runtime, but it takes 4-6s at CT. Fib(40) aloready takes 4-6 s at runtime, so I won't test at CT :) To come back to your question. __ctfe should be used with a standard (non-static) if. Here I implement to Fibonacci algos, one linear in n at CT, one exponential ar RT. That's just to show that a good algo at CT can run circles around a bad algo at RT. At compile-time, getting fib(100) is instantaneous, while getting only fib(40) at RT takes a few seconds on my machine. import std.conv: to; import std.stdio; long fib(size_t n) { if(__ctfe) // compile-time, linear, sustained development { long[] temp = new long[](n+1); // dynamic array during CTFE, D rox temp[0] = 1; temp[1] = 1; size_t p = 1; while (p < n) { ++p; temp[p] = temp[p-1]+temp[p-2]; } return -temp[p]; // '-' as an indication that this indeed took place at CT } else // runtime, exponential, woohoo baby! { if (n == 0 || n == 1) return 1; else return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2); } } void main() { enum f1 = fib(100); // CT pragma(msg, "At CT, fib(100) = " ~to!string(f1)); // will be < 0 as a flag auto f2 = fib(40); // RT writeln("At RT, fib(40) = ", f2); } Don't try fib(100) at runtime!
Aug 06 2012
"Minas Mina" <minas_mina1990 hotmail.co.uk> On Monday, 6 August 2012 at 15:21:38 UTC, Philippe Sigaud wrote:On Mon, Aug 6, 2012 at 3:54 PM, Minas Mina <minas_mina1990 hotmail.co.uk> wrote:Thank you for your reply! Haha, yeah, I knew I was using the worst possible algorithm. ISomething like this: template fib(ulong n) { static if( n < 2 ) const fib = n; else const fib = fib!(n-1) + fib!(n-2); if( n < 2) return n; return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2); } It doesn't work of course, as I am in a template and trying to "return" something. CTFE? Is that "compile time function evaluation"? If yes, it's really slow...If I try: static x = fib(40); // fib is a normal function it takes forever and makes my pc run really slowly.Well, you're using the worst possible algorithm to calculate Fibonacci (exponential time), so it's no wonder it's taking foverer :) Then, you've to know that CT calculation is far slower than runtime calculation. My experience on this is about an order of magnitude slower, and even more. On the machine I'm currently on, fib(30) is calculated instantaneously at runtime, but it takes 4-6s at CT. Fib(40) aloready takes 4-6 s at runtime, so I won't test at CT :) To come back to your question. __ctfe should be used with a standard (non-static) if. Here I implement to Fibonacci algos, one linear in n at CT, one exponential ar RT. That's just to show that a good algo at CT can run circles around a bad algo at RT. At compile-time, getting fib(100) is instantaneous, while getting only fib(40) at RT takes a few seconds on my machine. import std.conv: to; import std.stdio; long fib(size_t n) { if(__ctfe) // compile-time, linear, sustained development { long[] temp = new long[](n+1); // dynamic array during CTFE, D rox temp[0] = 1; temp[1] = 1; size_t p = 1; while (p < n) { ++p; temp[p] = temp[p-1]+temp[p-2]; } return -temp[p]; // '-' as an indication that this indeed took place at CT } else // runtime, exponential, woohoo baby! { if (n == 0 || n == 1) return 1; else return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2); } } void main() { enum f1 = fib(100); // CT pragma(msg, "At CT, fib(100) = " ~to!string(f1)); // will be < 0 as a flag auto f2 = fib(40); // RT writeln("At RT, fib(40) = ", f2); } Don't try fib(100) at runtime!
Aug 06 2012
On Monday, 6 August 2012 at 15:21:38 UTC, Philippe Sigaud wrote:On Mon, Aug 6, 2012 at 3:54 PM, Minas Mina <minas_mina1990 hotmail.co.uk> wrote:Thank you for your reply! Haha, yeah, I knew I was using the worst possible algorithm. It was just for testing... I'm never going to use ctfe with algorithms of that complexity again! Ok, so I can use if(__ctfe) to define different behaviour(or not) at compile time than at runtime. The way I want to use it, however, I don't have to: import std.stdio; void main() { ulong f1 = fibonacci(50); // calculated at runtime static f2 = fibonacci(50); // calculated at compile time writeln(f); } // calcuated at O(1) woohoo! ulong fibonacci(ulong n) { import std.math; double r0 = (1 + sqrt(5.0)) / 2.0, r1 = (1 - sqrt(5.0)) / 2.0, a = 1.0 / sqrt(5.0), b = -1.0 / sqrt(5.0); // fn = a*r0 + b*r1 return cast(ulong)(a * pow(r0, cast(double)n) + b * pow(r1, cast(double)n)); } What I was really looking for was to do something like the way std.math.sin works. I read somewhere that if the argument is available at compile time, it evaluates the result at compile time. So, if I do: double f = sin(0.5); // calculated at compile time or not? If it is calculated at compile time, how do I do it for my own functions? If not, I guess the only way is to use static or enum like you guys showed me.Something like this: template fib(ulong n) { static if( n < 2 ) const fib = n; else const fib = fib!(n-1) + fib!(n-2); if( n < 2) return n; return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2); } It doesn't work of course, as I am in a template and trying to "return" something. CTFE? Is that "compile time function evaluation"? If yes, it's really slow...If I try: static x = fib(40); // fib is a normal function it takes forever and makes my pc run really slowly.Well, you're using the worst possible algorithm to calculate Fibonacci (exponential time), so it's no wonder it's taking foverer :) Then, you've to know that CT calculation is far slower than runtime calculation. My experience on this is about an order of magnitude slower, and even more. On the machine I'm currently on, fib(30) is calculated instantaneously at runtime, but it takes 4-6s at CT. Fib(40) aloready takes 4-6 s at runtime, so I won't test at CT :) To come back to your question. __ctfe should be used with a standard (non-static) if. Here I implement to Fibonacci algos, one linear in n at CT, one exponential ar RT. That's just to show that a good algo at CT can run circles around a bad algo at RT. At compile-time, getting fib(100) is instantaneous, while getting only fib(40) at RT takes a few seconds on my machine. import std.conv: to; import std.stdio; long fib(size_t n) { if(__ctfe) // compile-time, linear, sustained development { long[] temp = new long[](n+1); // dynamic array during CTFE, D rox temp[0] = 1; temp[1] = 1; size_t p = 1; while (p < n) { ++p; temp[p] = temp[p-1]+temp[p-2]; } return -temp[p]; // '-' as an indication that this indeed took place at CT } else // runtime, exponential, woohoo baby! { if (n == 0 || n == 1) return 1; else return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2); } } void main() { enum f1 = fib(100); // CT pragma(msg, "At CT, fib(100) = " ~to!string(f1)); // will be < 0 as a flag auto f2 = fib(40); // RT writeln("At RT, fib(40) = ", f2); } Don't try fib(100) at runtime!
Aug 06 2012
On Mon, Aug 6, 2012 at 5:33 PM, Minas Mina <minas_mina1990 hotmail.co.uk> wrote:// calcuated at O(1) woohoo!return cast(ulong)(a * pow(r0, cast(double)n) + b * pow(r1,I wonder if there is any rounding error going on with these pow, but yes, even better this way.double f = sin(0.5); // calculated at compile time or not? If it is calculated at compile time, how do I do it for my own functions?sin is a library function, it has no special rights your own function doesn't as far as I know. I'd say, put an if(__ctfe) in sin: if (__ctfe) { pragma(msg, "Yep, CT"); return 2.0; } else { // standard sin code } And tell us the result :)
Aug 06 2012
Take a look into std.math: https://github.com/D-Programming-Language/phobos/blob/master/std/math.d
Aug 06 2012
On Monday, 6 August 2012 at 15:56:52 UTC, Namespace wrote:Take a look into std.math: https://github.com/D-Programming-Language/phobos/blob/master/std/math.dI found this: real sin(real x) safe pure nothrow; /* intrinsic */ And these: creal sin(creal z) safe pure nothrow { creal cs = expi(z.re); creal csh = coshisinh(z.im); return cs.im * csh.re + cs.re * csh.im * 1i; } /** ditto */ ireal sin(ireal y) safe pure nothrow { return cosh(y.im)*1i; } I don't see anything about ctfe. Maybe I didn't understand well and sin is not evaluated at compile time. Can someone clarify this?
Aug 06 2012
On Monday, 6 August 2012 at 16:17:22 UTC, Minas Mina wrote:On Monday, 6 August 2012 at 15:56:52 UTC, Namespace wrote:Justly, you see a normal runtime function, and a CTFE function is a normal runtime function(with some restrictions) that can be interpreted at runtime. static res = sin(4); //compile time auto res = sin(4); //runtimeTake a look into std.math: https://github.com/D-Programming-Language/phobos/blob/master/std/math.dI found this: real sin(real x) safe pure nothrow; /* intrinsic */ And these: creal sin(creal z) safe pure nothrow { creal cs = expi(z.re); creal csh = coshisinh(z.im); return cs.im * csh.re + cs.re * csh.im * 1i; } /** ditto */ ireal sin(ireal y) safe pure nothrow { return cosh(y.im)*1i; } I don't see anything about ctfe. Maybe I didn't understand well and sin is not evaluated at compile time. Can someone clarify this?
Aug 06 2012
On Monday, 6 August 2012 at 16:21:04 UTC, Eyyub wrote:Justly, you see a normal runtime function, and a CTFE function is a normal runtime function(with some restrictions) that can be interpreted at runtime.*compile time, sorry
Aug 06 2012
On Mon, Aug 6, 2012 at 6:17 PM, Minas Mina <minas_mina1990 hotmail.co.uk> wrote:I found this: real sin(real x) safe pure nothrow; /* intrinsic */I don't see anything about ctfe. Maybe I didn't understand well and sin is not evaluated at compile time. Can someone clarify this?Oh, I thought they were implemented as polynomial approximations. Never mind, you can test it with any function: int foo(int i) { if (__ctfe) { pragma(msg, "CT"); return -1; } else return 1; } void main() { auto i = foo(0); static j = foo(0); writeln(i); // 1 writeln(j); // -1 } So, auto i doesn't provoke CT-evaluation (else it'd be -1).
Aug 06 2012
On Mon, 2012-08-06 at 17:21 +0200, Philippe Sigaud wrote: [=E2=80=A6]Well, you're using the worst possible algorithm to calculate Fibonacci (exponential time), so it's no wonder it's taking foverer :)Memoization is a bit of a help it destroying that problem. [=E2=80=A6]Don't try fib(100) at runtime!Of course the real problem is that quants and such folk often need values of Fibonacci and factorial that cannot be held in an hardware integer. --=20 Russel. =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D Dr Russel Winder t: +44 20 7585 2200 voip: sip:russel.winder ekiga.n= et 41 Buckmaster Road m: +44 7770 465 077 xmpp: russel winder.org.uk London SW11 1EN, UK w: www.russel.org.uk skype: russel_winder
Aug 06 2012
On Mon, Aug 6, 2012 at 8:37 PM, Russel Winder <russel winder.org.uk> wrote:On Mon, 2012-08-06 at 17:21 +0200, Philippe Sigaud wrote: [=E2=80=A6]Memoization at compile-time is a bit tricky, though. Which reminds me... What if someone wants Fibonacci values depending on a runtime value, but would like them to be calculated really fast? Use the "Sabalausky Trick" (aka Nick's Run-Time to Compile-Time Time Machine): Pregenerate desired values at compile-time (for example here in an array), to get O(1) fibonacci access at runtime.Well, you're using the worst possible algorithm to calculate Fibonacci (exponential time), so it's no wonder it's taking foverer :)Memoization is a bit of a help it destroying that problem.
Aug 06 2012
On 8/6/12, Philippe Sigaud <philippe.sigaud gmail.com> wrote:Which reminds me... What if someone wants Fibonacci values depending on a runtime value, but would like them to be calculated really fast?I think TDPL had some use of the memoize template and used fibonacci as sample code. It even used it internally for a recursive call. It's somewhere in the book.
Aug 06 2012
On Monday, 6 August 2012 at 13:46:14 UTC, Tobias Pankrath wrote:You can check for compile time with static if(__ctfe)No, you can't. __ctfe is a "CTFE-ed"(?) value. But you can do something like that : http://dpaste.dzfl.pl/e3f26239 Minas : I don't know if your PC is outdated, but it's weird. :/
Aug 06 2012
On Monday, 6 August 2012 at 14:25:29 UTC, Eyyub wrote:On Monday, 6 August 2012 at 13:46:14 UTC, Tobias Pankrath wrote:It's Ubuntu 12.04 running on an Intel i5. That's what I tried to calculate: static x = fib(40); ulong fib(ulong n) { if(n < 2) return n; else return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2); } Maybe because it has a lot of recursion?You can check for compile time with static if(__ctfe)No, you can't. __ctfe is a "CTFE-ed"(?) value. But you can do something like that : http://dpaste.dzfl.pl/e3f26239 Minas : I don't know if your PC is outdated, but it's weird. :/
Aug 06 2012
On Monday, 6 August 2012 at 15:18:22 UTC, Minas Mina wrote:
That's what I tried to calculate:
static x = fib(40);
ulong fib(ulong n)
{
if(n < 2)
return n;
else
return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2);
}
Maybe because it has a lot of recursion?
That algorithm makes O(2^n) calls to fib. I think templates get
only expanded
once for every set of parameters, so you get memoization build in
and thus it's faster in this case.
Aug 06 2012
On 08/06/12 15:46, Tobias Pankrath wrote:On Monday, 6 August 2012 at 12:21:38 UTC, Minas Mina wrote:He wants the function to be evaluated at compile time if that is possible, but at runtime if that can't be done; and *not* have to handle both cases in every caller. Which I can't think of any way to do right now. An "T fib(T)(enum T n)" overload that would enable cases like this (and bearophiles ranged-integers) to work, has been proposed in the past (only with 'static' instead of 'enum'; the latter fits better). IOW a "fib(42)" call would map to more or less: enum T c = 42; fib(c); and inside such an overload the argument 'n' would be treated just like if it had been defined as: enum T n = 42; ie it would be cfte'able and /then/ static-if and friends would be able to handle the rest. arturI want to write a fibonacci(n) function that calculates the result. a) if n is known at compile time, use a template b) if not, use a normal function I know how to write a template version: template fib(ulong n) { static if( n < 2 ) const fib = n; else const fib = fib!(n-1) + fib!(n-2); } But how can I 'know' if n is known at compile time to make it use the other version? (which I won't post 'cause it is fairly easy).What exactly do you try to accomplish? Why can't you use CTFE instead of a template?
Aug 06 2012
Am Mon, 06 Aug 2012 14:21:37 +0200
schrieb "Minas Mina" <minas_mina1990 hotmail.co.uk>:
I want to write a fibonacci(n) function that calculates the
result.
a) if n is known at compile time, use a template
b) if not, use a normal function
I know how to write a template version:
template fib(ulong n)
{
static if( n < 2 )
const fib = n;
else
const fib = fib!(n-1) + fib!(n-2);
}
But how can I 'know' if n is known at compile time to make it use
the other version? (which I won't post 'cause it is fairly easy).
That's easy: http://dpaste.dzfl.pl/521f47a0
--
Marco
Aug 07 2012
On 08/07/12 19:43, Marco Leise wrote:Am Mon, 06 Aug 2012 14:21:37 +0200 schrieb "Minas Mina" <minas_mina1990 hotmail.co.uk>:It's not a function, but a template - meaning not only does it require a different syntax, but also that it can only be used with literals and symbols. Ie 'fib!(expression_not_evaluable_at_ct)' like 'fib!(variable+1)' will fail to compile. artur PS. Your code does not work with older compilers (like the 2.057 based gdc that i'm using); this version works and is also more readable: template isSymbol(alias S) { enum isSymbol = __traits(compiles, __traits(parent, S)); } template fib(alias N) { static if (isSymbol!N) { property typeof(N+N) fib(typeof(N) N = N) { return N<2 ? N : fib(N-1)+fib(N-2); } } else { static if (N<2) alias N fib; else enum fib = fib!(N-1)+fib!(N-2); } }I want to write a fibonacci(n) function that calculates the result. a) if n is known at compile time, use a template b) if not, use a normal function I know how to write a template version: template fib(ulong n) { static if( n < 2 ) const fib = n; else const fib = fib!(n-1) + fib!(n-2); } But how can I 'know' if n is known at compile time to make it use the other version? (which I won't post 'cause it is fairly easy).That's easy: http://dpaste.dzfl.pl/521f47a0
Aug 08 2012