D.gnu - Win32 example/tutorial with GC?
- Johnny (10/10) May 01 2007 Hello
- David Friedman (23/39) May 01 2007 If you are linking with other libraries, you may need to explicitly link...
- Johnny (64/111) May 01 2007 David,
- Frits van Bommel (9/11) May 01 2007 "_Dmain" is how the "main" of your program normally gets renamed
- Johnny (61/74) May 01 2007 Hi Frits
- David Friedman (11/295) May 01 2007 Johnny,
- Johnny (33/343) May 04 2007 Hello David
- Dejan Lekic (2/2) May 08 2007 Johnny, have you tried the last compile/link command David wrote?
Hello I'm trying to make a simple windows GUI application using D. First, I used DMD, and I suffered a lot due to it's OMF format. So I decided to switch to GDC (with MinGW). But I still receive linking errors related to Phobos :-( Are there any examples or tutorials that can help in this area? I.e. ones that show how to set the GC correctly... There are such examples for DMD, but I couldn't find similar examples for GDC... So any help? Thanks john
May 01 2007
Johnny wrote:Hello I'm trying to make a simple windows GUI application using D. First, I used DMD, and I suffered a lot due to it's OMF format. So I decided to switch to GDC (with MinGW). But I still receive linking errors related to Phobos :-( Are there any examples or tutorials that can help in this area? I.e. ones that show how to set the GC correctly... There are such examples for DMD, but I couldn't find similar examples for GDC... So any help? Thanks johnIf you are linking with other libraries, you may need to explicitly link against -lgphobos with that library early on the command line: gdc a.o b.o -lgphobos -lwsock32 If you do not need a custom WinMain, just write the normal D main(). Otherwise, the easiest thing to do is call _d_run_Dmain: --- import std.c.windows.windows; extern (C) int _d_run_Dmain(int argc, char **argv); extern (Windows) int WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { char * fake_argv ="x"; return _d_run_Dmain(1, & fake_argv); } int main(char[][] args) { return 0; } --- David
May 01 2007
David, It's still not working with me; I must have something wrong in my code or in my MinGW/GDC installation. Here is a simple example that I tried to compile with GDC 0.23. I really wish not only to correct the problem, but to understand exactly what's going wrong: Compilation Steps: ----------------- 1- $ gdc -c -v WinMenu.d (OK) Reading specs from c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/specs Configured with: ../gcc-3.4.5-20060117-1/configure --prefix=/gdc --disable-shared --enable-languages=c,d --host=mingw32 --target=mingw32 --with-gnu-ld --with-gnu-as --enable-threads --disable-nls --disable-win32-registry --disable-shared --enable-sjlj-exceptions Thread model: win32 gcc version 3.4.5 (mingw special) (gdc 0.23, using dmd 1.007) c:/MinGW/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/cc1d.exe WinMenu.d -quiet -dumpbase WinMenu.d -auxbase WinMenu -version -iprefix c:\MinGW\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/ -o g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccoDaaaa.s GNU D version 3.4.5 (mingw special) (gdc 0.23, using dmd 1.007) (mingw32) compiled by GNU C version 3.4.2 (mingw-special). GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=46 --param ggc-min-heapsize=31678 c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../../../mingw32/bin/as.exe -o WinMenu.o g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccoDaaaa.s 2- $ gdc -v -Wall -o WinMenu-gdc.exe WinMenu.d -lgphobos (Link errors) Reading specs from c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/specs Configured with: ../gcc-3.4.5-20060117-1/configure --prefix=/gdc --disable-shared --enable-languages=c,d --host=mingw32 --target=mingw32 --with-gnu-ld --with-gnu-as --enable-threads --disable-nls --disable-win32-registry --disable-shared --enable-sjlj-exceptions Thread model: win32 gcc version 3.4.5 (mingw special) (gdc 0.23, using dmd 1.007) c:/MinGW/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/cc1d.exe WinMenu.d -quiet -dumpbase WinMenu.d -auxbase WinMenu -Wall -version -iprefix c:\MinGW\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/ -o g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccQJaaaa.s GNU D version 3.4.5 (mingw special) (gdc 0.23, using dmd 1.007) (mingw32) compiled by GNU C version 3.4.2 (mingw-special). GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=46 --param ggc-min-heapsize=31678 c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../../../mingw32/bin/as.exe -o g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccwjbaaa.o g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccQJaaaa.s c:/MinGW/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/collect2.exe -Bdynamic -o WinMenu-gdc.exe /mingw/lib/crt2.o c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/crtbegin.o -Lc:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5 -Lc:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc -L/gdc/lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5 -Lc:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../../../mingw32/lib -L/mingw/lib -Lc:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../.. -L/gdc/lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../.. g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccwjbaaa.o -lgphobos -lgphobos -lmingw32 -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt -luser32 -lkernel32 -ladvapi32 -lshell32 -lmingw32 -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/crtend.o /mingw/lib/libgphobos.a(cmain.o):(.text+0x19): undefined reference to `_Dmain' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status It seems that the Phobos library itself refers to _Dmain and linker can't find it, so where is _Dmain, and why isn't it found? The source code file is attached. Thanks john David Friedman wrote:Johnny wrote:Hello I'm trying to make a simple windows GUI application using D. First, I used DMD, and I suffered a lot due to it's OMF format. So I decided to switch to GDC (with MinGW). But I still receive linking errors related to Phobos :-( Are there any examples or tutorials that can help in this area? I.e. ones that show how to set the GC correctly... There are such examples for DMD, but I couldn't find similar examples for GDC... So any help? Thanks johnIf you are linking with other libraries, you may need to explicitly link against -lgphobos with that library early on the command line: gdc a.o b.o -lgphobos -lwsock32 If you do not need a custom WinMain, just write the normal D main(). Otherwise, the easiest thing to do is call _d_run_Dmain: --- import std.c.windows.windows; extern (C) int _d_run_Dmain(int argc, char **argv); extern (Windows) int WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { char * fake_argv ="x"; return _d_run_Dmain(1, & fake_argv); } int main(char[][] args) { return 0; } --- David
May 01 2007
Johnny wrote:It seems that the Phobos library itself refers to _Dmain and linker can't find it, so where is _Dmain, and why isn't it found?"_Dmain" is how the "main" of your program normally gets renamed ("mangled") by the D compiler. It's not found because you didn't write one :). What happens if you add an empty "void main() {}" ? I'm pretty sure the Windows version of DMD (or perhaps optlink) will automatically use WinMain instead of main if it sees it, but I'm not sure about GDC/MinGW. Maybe some special command-line option needs to be passed?
May 01 2007
Johnny <johnnykiro gmail.com>
Hi Frits
I added the empty main() and the linking succeeds, however, the program
does nothing since the entry point (main() ) returns immediately (which
is expected.
So may be the good question is how to make GDC accept WinMain as an
entry point for Windows GUI programs.
Strangely, I have another simpler GUI program that links correctly with
WinMain:
import win32.winbase;
import win32.windef;
import win32.winuser;
extern(Windows) int WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine,
int iCmdShow)
{
MessageBoxA(null, "Hello", "Hello Demo", MB_OK);
return (0);
}
- Here is how I compile it:
Administrator home /cygdrive/c/D-Projects/gdc-test
$ gdc -c gdctestwin.d -I"C:\dmd"
- Attempting to link with GDC fails:
Administrator home /cygdrive/c/D-Projects/gdc-test
$ gdc -o gdctestwin.exe gdctestwin.o
/mingw/lib/libgphobos.a(cmain.o):(.text+0x19): undefined reference to
`_Dmain'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
- Linking with GCC sycceeds:
Administrator home /cygdrive/c/D-Projects/gdc-test
$ gcc -o gdctestwin.exe gdctestwin.o
- I tried to use GCC for linking my 1st example, but I get other errors:
$ gcc -Wall -o WinMenu-gdc.exe WinMenu.o
WinMenu.o:WinMenu.d:(.text+0xe7): undefined reference to
`_D3std6string9toStringzFAaZPa'
WinMenu.o:WinMenu.d:(.text+0xfb): undefined reference to
`_D3std6string9toStringzFAaZPa'
WinMenu.o:WinMenu.d:(.text+0x152): undefined reference to
`CreateWindowA 44'
WinMenu.o:WinMenu.d:(.text+0x17e): undefined reference to `_d_assert'
WinMenu.o:WinMenu.d:(.text+0x269): undefined reference to `LOWORD 4'
WinMenu.o:WinMenu.d:(.text+0x35a): undefined reference to `_Dmodule_ref'
WinMenu.o:WinMenu.d:(.text+0x365): undefined reference to `_Dmodule_ref'
WinMenu.o:WinMenu.d:(.data+0x48): undefined reference to
`_D3std6string12__ModuleInfoZ'
WinMenu.o:WinMenu.d:(.data$_D31TypeInfo_E7WinMenu11__anonymous6__initZ[__D31TypeInfo_E7WinMenu11__anon
mous6__initZ]+0x0):
undefined reference to `_D13TypeInfo_Enum6__vtblZ'
WinMenu.o:WinMenu.d:(.data$_D31TypeInfo_E7WinMenu11__anonymous6__initZ[__D31TypeInfo_E7WinMenu11__anon
mous6__initZ]+0x8):
undefined reference to `_D10TypeInfo_i6__initZ'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
- And here I added Phobos, but I get 1st error:
$ gcc -Wall -o WinMenu-gdc.exe WinMenu.o -lgphobos
/mingw/lib/libgphobos.a(cmain.o):(.text+0x19): undefined reference to
`_Dmain'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
So I'm confused :-( .. what are the definitive steps to compile and link
a Windows GUI program using GDC/MinGW?
Regards,
john
Frits van Bommel wrote:
Johnny wrote:
It seems that the Phobos library itself refers to _Dmain and linker
can't find it, so where is _Dmain, and why isn't it found?
"_Dmain" is how the "main" of your program normally gets renamed
("mangled") by the D compiler. It's not found because you didn't write
one :).
What happens if you add an empty "void main() {}" ?
I'm pretty sure the Windows version of DMD (or perhaps optlink) will
automatically use WinMain instead of main if it sees it, but I'm not
sure about GDC/MinGW. Maybe some special command-line option needs to be
passed?
May 01 2007
Johnny,
I had the main/WinMain call order backwards. So, with the current
distribution, I do not think it is possible to get the linker to
automatically use whichever of main or WinMain is defined (like DMD does(?))
There is a simple workaround, however: Use the following command to link.
gdc -o WinMenu-gdc.exe WinMenu.d -lmingw32
This will pull in MinGW's C main() that calls WinMain. The
Also, you probably want to add -mwindows to the link command line so the
.exe will not open a console when run.
David
Johnny wrote:
David,
It's still not working with me; I must have something wrong in my code
or in my MinGW/GDC installation.
Here is a simple example that I tried to compile with GDC 0.23. I really
wish not only to correct the problem, but to understand exactly what's
going wrong:
Compilation Steps:
-----------------
1- $ gdc -c -v WinMenu.d (OK)
Reading specs from c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/specs
Configured with: ../gcc-3.4.5-20060117-1/configure --prefix=/gdc
--disable-shared --enable-languages=c,d --host=mingw32 --target=mingw32
--with-gnu-ld --with-gnu-as --enable-threads --disable-nls
--disable-win32-registry --disable-shared --enable-sjlj-exceptions
Thread model: win32
gcc version 3.4.5 (mingw special) (gdc 0.23, using dmd 1.007)
c:/MinGW/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/cc1d.exe WinMenu.d -quiet
-dumpbase WinMenu.d -auxbase WinMenu -version -iprefix
c:\MinGW\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/ -o
g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccoDaaaa.s
GNU D version 3.4.5 (mingw special) (gdc 0.23, using dmd 1.007)
(mingw32)
compiled by GNU C version 3.4.2 (mingw-special).
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=46 --param
ggc-min-heapsize=31678
c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../../../mingw32/bin/as.exe -o
WinMenu.o g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccoDaaaa.s
2- $ gdc -v -Wall -o WinMenu-gdc.exe WinMenu.d -lgphobos (Link errors)
Reading specs from c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/specs
Configured with: ../gcc-3.4.5-20060117-1/configure --prefix=/gdc
--disable-shared --enable-languages=c,d --host=mingw32 --target=mingw32
--with-gnu-ld --with-gnu-as --enable-threads --disable-nls
--disable-win32-registry --disable-shared --enable-sjlj-exceptions
Thread model: win32
gcc version 3.4.5 (mingw special) (gdc 0.23, using dmd 1.007)
c:/MinGW/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/cc1d.exe WinMenu.d -quiet
-dumpbase WinMenu.d -auxbase WinMenu -Wall -version -iprefix
c:\MinGW\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/ -o
g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccQJaaaa.s
GNU D version 3.4.5 (mingw special) (gdc 0.23, using dmd 1.007)
(mingw32)
compiled by GNU C version 3.4.2 (mingw-special).
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=46 --param
ggc-min-heapsize=31678
c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../../../mingw32/bin/as.exe -o
g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccwjbaaa.o
g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccQJaaaa.s
c:/MinGW/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/collect2.exe -Bdynamic -o
WinMenu-gdc.exe /mingw/lib/crt2.o
c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/crtbegin.o
-Lc:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5 -Lc:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc
-L/gdc/lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5
-Lc:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../../../mingw32/lib
-L/mingw/lib -Lc:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../..
-L/gdc/lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../..
g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccwjbaaa.o -lgphobos -lgphobos
-lmingw32 -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt -luser32 -lkernel32
-ladvapi32 -lshell32 -lmingw32 -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt
c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/crtend.o
/mingw/lib/libgphobos.a(cmain.o):(.text+0x19): undefined reference
to `_Dmain'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
It seems that the Phobos library itself refers to _Dmain and linker
can't find it, so where is _Dmain, and why isn't it found?
The source code file is attached.
Thanks
john
David Friedman wrote:
Johnny wrote:
Hello
I'm trying to make a simple windows GUI application using D.
First, I used DMD, and I suffered a lot due to it's OMF format. So I
decided
to switch to GDC (with MinGW). But I still receive linking errors
related to
Phobos :-(
Are there any examples or tutorials that can help in this area? I.e.
ones
that show how to set the GC correctly... There are such examples for
DMD,
but I couldn't find similar examples for GDC... So any help?
Thanks
john
If you are linking with other libraries, you may need to explicitly
link against -lgphobos with that library early on the command line:
gdc a.o b.o -lgphobos -lwsock32
If you do not need a custom WinMain, just write the normal D main().
Otherwise, the easiest thing to do is call _d_run_Dmain:
---
import std.c.windows.windows;
extern (C) int _d_run_Dmain(int argc, char **argv);
extern (Windows)
int WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
char * fake_argv ="x";
return _d_run_Dmain(1, & fake_argv);
}
int main(char[][] args) {
return 0;
}
---
David
------------------------------------------------------------------------
import std.c.windows.windows;
import std.c.stdio;
import std.string;
char[] Test_string="You selected Test menu item";
char[] Hello_string="Hello, my friend";
char[] Goodbye_string="See you again, bye";
HINSTANCE hInstance;
enum {
IDM_TEST=1,
IDM_HELLO,
IDM_GOODBYE,
IDM_EXIT
}
int doit() {
hInstance = GetModuleHandleA(null);
WNDCLASS wc;
wc.lpszClassName = "DWndClass";
wc.style = CS_OWNDC | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wc.lpfnWndProc = &WndProc;
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.hIcon = LoadIconA(cast(HINSTANCE) null, IDI_APPLICATION);
wc.hCursor = LoadCursorA(cast(HINSTANCE) null, IDC_CROSS);
wc.hbrBackground = cast(HBRUSH) (COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
wc.lpszMenuName = "TestMenu";
wc.cbClsExtra = wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
RegisterClassA(&wc);
HWND hWnd;
char[] sClass="My class 0";
char[] sApp="My Application 0";
/+++++
hWnd = CreateWindowA("DWndClass", "Just a window", WS_THICKFRAME |
WS_MAXIMIZEBOX | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_SYSMENU | WS_VISIBLE,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 400, 300, HWND_DESKTOP,
cast(HMENU) null, hInstance, null);
+++++/
hWnd = CreateWindowA(toStringz(sClass), toStringz(sApp), WS_THICKFRAME |
WS_MAXIMIZEBOX | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_SYSMENU | WS_VISIBLE,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 400, 300, HWND_DESKTOP,
cast(HMENU) null, hInstance, null);
assert(hWnd);
ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOWNORMAL);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
MSG msg;
while (GetMessageA(&msg, cast(HWND) null, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessageA(&msg);
}
return 1;
}//doit()
/**********************************************************/
/* Note the similarity of this code to the console D startup
* code in \dmd\src\phobos\dmain2.d
* You'll also need a .def file with at least the following in it:
* EXETYPE NT
* SUBSYSTEM WINDOWS
*/
extern (C) void gc_init();
extern (C) void gc_term();
extern (C) void _minit();
extern (C) void _moduleCtor();
extern (C) void _moduleUnitTests();
extern (Windows)
int WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
int result;
// gc_init(); // initialize garbage collector
// _minit(); // initialize module constructor table
/* try
{
_moduleCtor(); // call module constructors
_moduleUnitTests(); // run unit tests (optional)
result = doit(); // insert user code here
}
*/
/* catch (Object o) // catch any uncaught exceptions
{
MessageBoxA(null, cast(char *)o.toString(), "Error",
MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
result = 0; // failed
}
*/
// gc_term(); // run finalizers; terminate garbage collector
return result;
}
extern(Windows)
{
void DestroyWindow(HANDLE);
}
extern(Windows)
int WndProc(HWND hWnd, uint uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch(uMsg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(cast(int) null);
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
switch (LOWORD(wParam))
{
case IDM_TEST:
MessageBoxA(cast(HANDLE) null,"Test string","Menu test",MB_OK);
case IDM_HELLO:
MessageBoxA(cast(HANDLE) null,"Hello in D","Menu test",MB_OK);
break;
case IDM_GOODBYE:
MessageBoxA(cast(HANDLE) null,"Goodbye in D","Menu test", MB_OK);
break;
default:
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
}//switch menu selection
break;
default:
return DefWindowProcA(hWnd,uMsg,wParam,lParam);
}//switch msg
return 0;
}//WndProc()
May 01 2007
Hello David
I didn't know how exactly to change the code in order to add the mingw32
lib (-lmingw32), so I tried a different way:
void main()
{
int
exit_code=WinMain(GetModuleHandle(null),null,GetCommandLineA(),SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
ExitProcess(exit_code);
}
extern (Windows) int WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
uint result;
result = CMDIApp.MdiWinMain(hInstance, hPrevInstance, lpCmdLine,
nCmdShow);
return result;
}
Now I have these errors:
$ ./build-gdc.sh
Compiling resources file (mdiapp.rc)..
Compiling main.d..
Linking to libraries..
main.o:main.d:(.text+0x80): undefined reference to
`_D6mdiapp7CMDIApp10MdiWinMainWT5win325winnt6HANDLET5win325winnt6HANDLEPaiZk 16'
main.o:main.d:(.data+0x30): undefined reference to
`_D6mdiapp12__ModuleInfoZ'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
I'll try to figure out the reason of these errors (any hint?).
Thanks
John
David Friedman wrote:
Johnny,
I had the main/WinMain call order backwards. So, with the current
distribution, I do not think it is possible to get the linker to
automatically use whichever of main or WinMain is defined (like DMD
does(?))
There is a simple workaround, however: Use the following command to link.
gdc -o WinMenu-gdc.exe WinMenu.d -lmingw32
This will pull in MinGW's C main() that calls WinMain. The
Also, you probably want to add -mwindows to the link command line so the
.exe will not open a console when run.
David
Johnny wrote:
David,
It's still not working with me; I must have something wrong in my code
or in my MinGW/GDC installation.
Here is a simple example that I tried to compile with GDC 0.23. I
really wish not only to correct the problem, but to understand exactly
what's going wrong:
Compilation Steps:
-----------------
1- $ gdc -c -v WinMenu.d (OK)
Reading specs from c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/specs
Configured with: ../gcc-3.4.5-20060117-1/configure --prefix=/gdc
--disable-shared --enable-languages=c,d --host=mingw32
--target=mingw32 --with-gnu-ld --with-gnu-as --enable-threads
--disable-nls --disable-win32-registry --disable-shared
--enable-sjlj-exceptions
Thread model: win32
gcc version 3.4.5 (mingw special) (gdc 0.23, using dmd 1.007)
c:/MinGW/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/cc1d.exe WinMenu.d
-quiet -dumpbase WinMenu.d -auxbase WinMenu -version -iprefix
c:\MinGW\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/ -o
g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccoDaaaa.s
GNU D version 3.4.5 (mingw special) (gdc 0.23, using dmd 1.007)
(mingw32)
compiled by GNU C version 3.4.2 (mingw-special).
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=46 --param
ggc-min-heapsize=31678
c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../../../mingw32/bin/as.exe
-o WinMenu.o g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccoDaaaa.s
2- $ gdc -v -Wall -o WinMenu-gdc.exe WinMenu.d -lgphobos (Link errors)
Reading specs from c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/specs
Configured with: ../gcc-3.4.5-20060117-1/configure --prefix=/gdc
--disable-shared --enable-languages=c,d --host=mingw32
--target=mingw32 --with-gnu-ld --with-gnu-as --enable-threads
--disable-nls --disable-win32-registry --disable-shared
--enable-sjlj-exceptions
Thread model: win32
gcc version 3.4.5 (mingw special) (gdc 0.23, using dmd 1.007)
c:/MinGW/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/cc1d.exe WinMenu.d
-quiet -dumpbase WinMenu.d -auxbase WinMenu -Wall -version -iprefix
c:\MinGW\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/ -o
g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccQJaaaa.s
GNU D version 3.4.5 (mingw special) (gdc 0.23, using dmd 1.007)
(mingw32)
compiled by GNU C version 3.4.2 (mingw-special).
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=46 --param
ggc-min-heapsize=31678
c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../../../mingw32/bin/as.exe
-o g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccwjbaaa.o
g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccQJaaaa.s
c:/MinGW/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/collect2.exe -Bdynamic
-o WinMenu-gdc.exe /mingw/lib/crt2.o
c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/crtbegin.o
-Lc:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5 -Lc:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc
-L/gdc/lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5
-Lc:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../../../mingw32/lib
-L/mingw/lib -Lc:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../..
-L/gdc/lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/../../..
g:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp/ccwjbaaa.o -lgphobos -lgphobos
-lmingw32 -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt -luser32 -lkernel32
-ladvapi32 -lshell32 -lmingw32 -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt
c:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/crtend.o
/mingw/lib/libgphobos.a(cmain.o):(.text+0x19): undefined reference
to `_Dmain'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
It seems that the Phobos library itself refers to _Dmain and linker
can't find it, so where is _Dmain, and why isn't it found?
The source code file is attached.
Thanks
john
David Friedman wrote:
Johnny wrote:
Hello
I'm trying to make a simple windows GUI application using D.
First, I used DMD, and I suffered a lot due to it's OMF format. So I
decided
to switch to GDC (with MinGW). But I still receive linking errors
related to
Phobos :-(
Are there any examples or tutorials that can help in this area? I.e.
ones
that show how to set the GC correctly... There are such examples for
DMD,
but I couldn't find similar examples for GDC... So any help?
Thanks
john
If you are linking with other libraries, you may need to explicitly
link against -lgphobos with that library early on the command line:
gdc a.o b.o -lgphobos -lwsock32
If you do not need a custom WinMain, just write the normal D main().
Otherwise, the easiest thing to do is call _d_run_Dmain:
---
import std.c.windows.windows;
extern (C) int _d_run_Dmain(int argc, char **argv);
extern (Windows)
int WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
char * fake_argv ="x";
return _d_run_Dmain(1, & fake_argv);
}
int main(char[][] args) {
return 0;
}
---
David
------------------------------------------------------------------------
import std.c.windows.windows;
import std.c.stdio;
import std.string;
char[] Test_string="You selected Test menu item";
char[] Hello_string="Hello, my friend";
char[] Goodbye_string="See you again, bye";
HINSTANCE hInstance;
enum {
IDM_TEST=1,
IDM_HELLO,
IDM_GOODBYE,
IDM_EXIT
}
int doit() {
hInstance = GetModuleHandleA(null);
WNDCLASS wc;
wc.lpszClassName = "DWndClass";
wc.style = CS_OWNDC | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wc.lpfnWndProc = &WndProc;
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.hIcon = LoadIconA(cast(HINSTANCE) null, IDI_APPLICATION);
wc.hCursor = LoadCursorA(cast(HINSTANCE) null, IDC_CROSS);
wc.hbrBackground = cast(HBRUSH) (COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
wc.lpszMenuName = "TestMenu";
wc.cbClsExtra = wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
RegisterClassA(&wc);
HWND hWnd;
char[] sClass="My class 0";
char[] sApp="My Application 0";
/+++++
hWnd = CreateWindowA("DWndClass", "Just a window", WS_THICKFRAME |
WS_MAXIMIZEBOX | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_SYSMENU | WS_VISIBLE,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 400, 300, HWND_DESKTOP,
cast(HMENU) null, hInstance, null);
+++++/
hWnd = CreateWindowA(toStringz(sClass), toStringz(sApp),
WS_THICKFRAME |
WS_MAXIMIZEBOX | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_SYSMENU | WS_VISIBLE,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 400, 300, HWND_DESKTOP,
cast(HMENU) null, hInstance, null);
assert(hWnd);
ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOWNORMAL);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
MSG msg;
while (GetMessageA(&msg, cast(HWND) null, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessageA(&msg);
}
return 1;
}//doit()
/**********************************************************/
/* Note the similarity of this code to the console D startup
* code in \dmd\src\phobos\dmain2.d
* You'll also need a .def file with at least the following in it:
* EXETYPE NT
* SUBSYSTEM WINDOWS
*/
extern (C) void gc_init();
extern (C) void gc_term();
extern (C) void _minit();
extern (C) void _moduleCtor();
extern (C) void _moduleUnitTests();
extern (Windows)
int WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
int result;
// gc_init(); // initialize garbage collector
// _minit(); // initialize module constructor table
/* try
{
_moduleCtor(); // call module constructors
_moduleUnitTests(); // run unit tests (optional)
result = doit(); // insert user code here
}
*/
/* catch (Object o) // catch any uncaught exceptions
{
MessageBoxA(null, cast(char *)o.toString(), "Error",
MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
result = 0; // failed
}
*/
// gc_term(); // run finalizers; terminate garbage
collector
return result;
}
extern(Windows)
{
void DestroyWindow(HANDLE);
}
extern(Windows)
int WndProc(HWND hWnd, uint uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch(uMsg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(cast(int) null);
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
switch (LOWORD(wParam))
{
case IDM_TEST:
MessageBoxA(cast(HANDLE) null,"Test string","Menu
test",MB_OK);
case IDM_HELLO:
MessageBoxA(cast(HANDLE) null,"Hello in D","Menu
test",MB_OK);
break;
case IDM_GOODBYE:
MessageBoxA(cast(HANDLE) null,"Goodbye in D","Menu test",
MB_OK);
break;
default:
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
}//switch menu selection
break;
default:
return DefWindowProcA(hWnd,uMsg,wParam,lParam);
}//switch msg
return 0;
}//WndProc()
May 04 2007
Johnny, have you tried the last compile/link command David wrote? I think it will successfully compile/link your application.
May 08 2007